{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1971785137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2012.2199330","title":"Generative Bayesian Image Super Resolution With Natural Image Prior","display_name":"Generative Bayesian Image Super Resolution With Natural Image Prior","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1971785137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2012.2199330","mag":"1971785137","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22614649"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2012.2199330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2012.2199330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101758339","display_name":"Haichao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3276-3390"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haichao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China. hczhang@mail.nwpu.edu.cn","School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an 710129, China. hczhang@mail.nwpu.edu.cn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yanning Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101489946","display_name":"Haisen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7831-6289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haisen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of computer science, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi'an,China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101457342","display_name":"Thomas S. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8474-5859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas S. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101758339"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.9623,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97405707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"9","first_page":"4054","last_page":"4067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-a-posteriori-estimation","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","score":0.7590705156326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.6207810044288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5985445976257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5851238369941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5199807286262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-probability","display_name":"Bayesian probability","score":0.5135717391967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4527190327644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.4311460554599762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4233323037624359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3842099606990814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3696361184120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35337111353874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2997708022594452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24315017461776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.18243834376335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1658238172531128}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9810830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q635384","display_name":"Maximum a posteriori estimation","level":3,"score":0.7590705156326294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.6207810044288635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5985445976257324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5851238369941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5199807286262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.5135717391967773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4527190327644348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.4311460554599762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4233323037624359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3842099606990814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3696361184120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35337111353874207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2997708022594452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24315017461776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.18243834376335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1658238172531128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001499","descriptor_name":"Bayes Theorem","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003952","descriptor_name":"Diagnostic Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012044","descriptor_name":"Regression Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2012.2199330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2012.2199330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22614649","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22614649","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495728280","https://openalex.org/W1579828764","https://openalex.org/W1586727544","https://openalex.org/W1632047146","https://openalex.org/W2006262236","https://openalex.org/W2011181254","https://openalex.org/W2021430546","https://openalex.org/W2049237558","https://openalex.org/W2061398022","https://openalex.org/W2062811295","https://openalex.org/W2075674485","https://openalex.org/W2080312287","https://openalex.org/W2081385919","https://openalex.org/W2090267299","https://openalex.org/W2097074225","https://openalex.org/W2097713019","https://openalex.org/W2098535678","https://openalex.org/W2099470017","https://openalex.org/W2113300847","https://openalex.org/W2116064496","https://openalex.org/W2121058967","https://openalex.org/W2121927366","https://openalex.org/W2123431518","https://openalex.org/W2130184048","https://openalex.org/W2132504201","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2133840092","https://openalex.org/W2134276905","https://openalex.org/W2138598313","https://openalex.org/W2140257560","https://openalex.org/W2140611763","https://openalex.org/W2146200771","https://openalex.org/W2147298660","https://openalex.org/W2149669120","https://openalex.org/W2151932824","https://openalex.org/W2162980292","https://openalex.org/W2163935418","https://openalex.org/W2167034998","https://openalex.org/W2172128189","https://openalex.org/W2534320940","https://openalex.org/W2987004640","https://openalex.org/W3043538212","https://openalex.org/W3137074406","https://openalex.org/W6634856151","https://openalex.org/W6636640797","https://openalex.org/W6677085345","https://openalex.org/W6678209378","https://openalex.org/W6679920881","https://openalex.org/W6680804813","https://openalex.org/W6681807782","https://openalex.org/W6683680428","https://openalex.org/W6781412027"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097090565","https://openalex.org/W2008444830","https://openalex.org/W2804375118","https://openalex.org/W2112506753","https://openalex.org/W2160831725","https://openalex.org/W2132110568","https://openalex.org/W2029809897","https://openalex.org/W1495937069","https://openalex.org/W1522441193","https://openalex.org/W2180905035"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,14,20,91,148,154,220],"new":[3],"single":[4],"image":[5,16,36,70,150],"super":[6],"resolution":[7],"(SR)":[8],"algorithm":[9,185],"via":[10],"Bayesian":[11,77,121,149],"modeling":[12,78,217],"with":[13,76,153],"natural":[15,136,163],"prior":[17,133,161],"modeled":[18],"by":[19,105,202],"high-order":[21,156],"Markov":[22,180],"random":[23],"field":[24],"(MRF).":[25],"SR":[26,71,122,151,252],"is":[27,40,72,114,186,225],"one":[28],"of":[29,41,57,65,211,214],"the":[30,55,66,74,101,106,111,117,125,140,160,176,190,199,203,209,215,229,234,241],"long-standing":[31],"and":[32,54,80],"active":[33],"topics":[34],"in":[35,44],"processing":[37],"community.":[38],"It":[39],"great":[42],"use":[43,130,213],"many":[45],"practical":[46],"applications,":[47],"such":[48],"as":[49,109,159,233],"astronomical":[50],"observation,":[51],"medical":[52],"imaging,":[53],"adaptation":[56],"low-resolution":[58],"contents":[59],"onto":[60],"high-resolution":[61],"displays.":[62],"One":[63],"category":[64],"conventional":[67],"approaches":[68,123],"for":[69,135,162,174,188],"formulating":[73],"problem":[75,232],"techniques":[79],"then":[81],"obtaining":[82,189],"its":[83],"maximum-a-posteriori":[84],"solution,":[85],"which":[86],"actually":[87],"boils":[88],"down":[89],"to":[90,138,218,228],"regularized":[92],"regression":[93],"task.":[94],"Although":[95],"straightforward,":[96],"this":[97,144],"approach":[98,152],"cannot":[99,196],"exploit":[100],"full":[102],"potential":[103],"offered":[104,201],"probabilistic":[107,216],"modeling,":[108],"only":[110,197],"posterior":[112,126,221],"mode":[113],"sought.":[115],"On":[116],"other":[118],"hand,":[119],"current":[120],"using":[124],"mean":[127,167,222],"estimation":[128],"typically":[129],"very":[131],"simple":[132],"models":[134],"images":[137],"ensure":[139],"computational":[141],"tractability.":[142],"In":[143],"paper,":[145],"we":[146],"present":[147],"flexible":[155,204],"MRF":[157],"model":[158],"images.":[164],"The":[165,193],"minimum":[166],"square":[168],"error":[169],"(MMSE)":[170],"criteria":[171],"are":[172],"used":[173],"estimating":[175],"HR":[177],"image.":[178],"A":[179],"chain":[181],"Monte":[182],"Carlo-based":[183],"sampling":[184],"presented":[187],"MMSE":[191],"solution.":[192,236],"proposed":[194,242],"method":[195,243],"enjoy":[198],"benefits":[200],"prior,":[205],"but":[206],"also":[207],"has":[208],"advantage":[210],"making":[212],"perform":[219],"estimation,":[223],"thus":[224],"less":[226],"sensitive":[227],"local":[230],"minima":[231],"MAP":[235],"Experimental":[237],"results":[238,249],"indicate":[239],"that":[240],"can":[244],"generate":[245],"competitive":[246],"or":[247],"better":[248],"than":[250],"state-of-the-art":[251],"algorithms.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}