{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090325967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2011.2160073","title":"PSF Estimation via Gradient Domain Correlation","display_name":"PSF Estimation via Gradient Domain Correlation","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090325967","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2011.2160073","mag":"2090325967","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21693420"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2011.2160073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2011.2160073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101882780","display_name":"Wei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1204-8880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","[Inst. of Artificial Intell. & Robot., Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Xi'an, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Inst. of Artificial Intell. & Robot., Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Xi'an, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100516968","display_name":"Jianru Xue","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianru Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","[Inst. of Artificial Intell. & Robot., Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Xi'an, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Inst. of Artificial Intell. & Robot., Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Xi'an, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011664870","display_name":"Nanning Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanning Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","[Inst. of Artificial Intell. & Robot., Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Xi'an, China]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Inst. of Artificial Intell. & Robot., Xi'an Jiaotong Univ., Xi'an, China]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5664,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93648247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"386","last_page":"392"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10688","display_name":"Image and Signal Denoising Methods","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-restoration","display_name":"Image restoration","score":0.6126021146774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.6064308285713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-spread-function","display_name":"Point spread function","score":0.5979621410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autocorrelation","display_name":"Autocorrelation","score":0.5723332166671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5635327696800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","score":0.5530319809913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.494370698928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4826843738555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.4685301184654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.46509304642677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kernel-density-estimation","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","score":0.4453568756580353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4354128837585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3936513364315033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.37900394201278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3637038469314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.19695168733596802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106430172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6002272","display_name":"Image restoration","level":4,"score":0.6126021146774292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.6064308285713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69179731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q510427","display_name":"Point spread function","level":2,"score":0.5979621410369873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5297727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786970","display_name":"Autocorrelation","level":2,"score":0.5723332166671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5635327696800232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5530319809913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.494370698928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4826843738555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.4685301184654236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.46509304642677307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71134354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458825","display_name":"Kernel density estimation","level":3,"score":0.4453568756580353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4354128837585449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3936513364315033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.37900394201278687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3637038469314575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.19695168733596802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013223","descriptor_name":"Statistics as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013223","descriptor_name":"Statistics as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013223","descriptor_name":"Statistics as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015233","descriptor_name":"Models, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016477","descriptor_name":"Artifacts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016477","descriptor_name":"Artifacts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016477","descriptor_name":"Artifacts","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2011.2160073","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2011.2160073","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21693420","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21693420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506806321","https://openalex.org/W1766888123","https://openalex.org/W2007593159","https://openalex.org/W2019945856","https://openalex.org/W2027231794","https://openalex.org/W2030058292","https://openalex.org/W2088909704","https://openalex.org/W2098535678","https://openalex.org/W2129080199","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2136328862","https://openalex.org/W2138204001","https://openalex.org/W2140266075","https://openalex.org/W2141115311","https://openalex.org/W2162749542","https://openalex.org/W2165746464","https://openalex.org/W2170608748","https://openalex.org/W2610857016","https://openalex.org/W4246327874","https://openalex.org/W6681053624","https://openalex.org/W6684531174"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2808332603","https://openalex.org/W2974904990","https://openalex.org/W2018534838","https://openalex.org/W1522749619","https://openalex.org/W2144336166","https://openalex.org/W2079262912","https://openalex.org/W2888591766","https://openalex.org/W2997591215","https://openalex.org/W2072705653","https://openalex.org/W2093135544"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"efficient":[4],"method":[5,108],"to":[6,55,91],"estimate":[7],"the":[8,31,36,43,46,60,64,67,76,93,97,100,106,111],"point":[9],"spread":[10],"function":[11,62],"(PSF)":[12],"of":[13,35,48,63,70,99],"a":[14,87],"blurred":[15,73],"image":[16,18,24,74,79],"using":[17,75,86],"gradients":[19,47],"spatial":[20],"correlation.":[21],"A":[22],"patch-based":[23,78],"degradation":[25,80],"model":[26],"is":[27,84],"proposed":[28,77,107],"for":[29],"estimating":[30],"sample":[32],"covariance":[33,68],"matrix":[34,69],"gradient":[37,71],"domain":[38,72],"natural":[39,50],"image.":[40],"Based":[41],"on":[42],"fact":[44],"that":[45,105],"clean":[49],"images":[51],"are":[52],"approximately":[53],"uncorrelated":[54],"each":[56],"other,":[57],"we":[58],"estimated":[59],"autocorrelation":[61],"PSF":[65,83,115],"from":[66],"model.":[81],"The":[82],"computed":[85],"phase":[88],"retrieval":[89],"technique":[90],"remove":[92],"ambiguity":[94],"introduced":[95],"by":[96],"absence":[98],"phase.":[101],"Experimental":[102],"results":[103],"show":[104],"significantly":[109],"reduces":[110],"computational":[112],"burden":[113],"in":[114],"estimation,":[116],"compared":[117],"with":[118],"existing":[119],"methods,":[120],"while":[121],"giving":[122],"comparable":[123],"blurring":[124],"kernel.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}