{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100200691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2010635","title":"Empirical Capacity of a Recognition Channel for Single- and Multipose Object Recognition Under the Constraint of PCA Encoding","display_name":"Empirical Capacity of a Recognition Channel for Single- and Multipose Object Recognition Under the Constraint of PCA Encoding","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100200691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2010635","mag":"2100200691","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19211335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2008.2010635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2010635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100625550","display_name":"Xiaohan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3252-6256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802882910","display_name":"West Virginia University Hospitals","ror":"https://ror.org/04fbnx371","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802882910"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. xchen10@mix.wvu.edu","Lane Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electr. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA. xchen10@mix.wvu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938","https://openalex.org/I2802882910"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electr. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011441017","display_name":"Natalia A. Schmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0531-7157"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12097938","display_name":"West Virginia University","ror":"https://ror.org/011vxgd24","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N.A. Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","Lane Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electr. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lane Dept. of Comput. Sci. & Electr. Eng., West Virginia Univ., Morgantown, WV","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100625550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12097938","https://openalex.org/I2802882910"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12867,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"636","last_page":"651"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-neuroscience-of-visual-object-recognition","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","score":0.6959034204483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.6861734986305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6458460092544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6038359999656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.5935694575309753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5859065651893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5214528441429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4543839693069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.44068998098373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4382658004760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-capacity","display_name":"Channel capacity","score":0.4231449067592621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.38749679923057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2025378942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.12466740608215332}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64876066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141226","display_name":"Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition","level":3,"score":0.6959034204483032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6861734986305237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6458460092544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6038359999656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.5935694575309753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5859065651893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5214528441429138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4543839693069458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.44068998098373413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4382658004760742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97744766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870845","display_name":"Channel capacity","level":3,"score":0.4231449067592621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.38749679923057556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2025378942489624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.12466740608215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003627","descriptor_name":"Data Interpretation, Statistical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D025341","descriptor_name":"Principal Component Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2008.2010635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2010635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19211335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19211335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W103650626","https://openalex.org/W1496462336","https://openalex.org/W1515135833","https://openalex.org/W1536252645","https://openalex.org/W1560089794","https://openalex.org/W1564947197","https://openalex.org/W1770825568","https://openalex.org/W1840338487","https://openalex.org/W1969278638","https://openalex.org/W2043679454","https://openalex.org/W2044180609","https://openalex.org/W2054805201","https://openalex.org/W2063565635","https://openalex.org/W2090298365","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2100115174","https://openalex.org/W2114522221","https://openalex.org/W2128227223","https://openalex.org/W2132549764","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2137460724","https://openalex.org/W2142901448","https://openalex.org/W2148694408","https://openalex.org/W2156579951","https://openalex.org/W2161684150","https://openalex.org/W2166054752","https://openalex.org/W2168745915","https://openalex.org/W2169137743","https://openalex.org/W2318906878","https://openalex.org/W2793679191","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W4210736171","https://openalex.org/W4212783130","https://openalex.org/W4229977739","https://openalex.org/W4244494905","https://openalex.org/W4255281351","https://openalex.org/W4292023222","https://openalex.org/W4302367531"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2807251790","https://openalex.org/W4235381733","https://openalex.org/W2355022049","https://openalex.org/W2060429446","https://openalex.org/W2741782512","https://openalex.org/W3011302839","https://openalex.org/W2392958391","https://openalex.org/W3155227409","https://openalex.org/W2799406489","https://openalex.org/W2386709048"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,159,215,253,263],"ability":[1],"of":[2,11,18,23,29,34,38,48,55,84,116,124,133,154,187,195,217,225,241,250,256,277,287,294,303,320],"practical":[3],"recognition":[4,70,75,126,143,152,157,230,258,279,289],"systems":[5,259],"to":[6,65,68,102,128,172,243,323],"recognize":[7,129,244],"a":[8,16,24,42,53,69,87,110,130,140,188,205,275,285],"large":[9,131],"number":[10,132,141,240,302],"objects":[12,36,49,85,242],"is":[13,113,208,220,238,247,260,268],"constrained":[14],"by":[15,139],"variety":[17],"factors":[19,61],"that":[20,80,207,307],"include":[21],"choice":[22],"feature":[25,43],"extraction":[26,44],"technique,":[27],"quality":[28],"images,":[30,58],"complexity":[31],"and":[32,37,52,106,163,179,192,210,245,272,291,315],"variability":[33],"underlying":[35],"collected":[39],"data.":[40],"Given":[41],"technique":[45],"generating":[46],"templates":[47,83,90,95,117,169,295],"from":[50],"data":[51,161],"resolution":[54],"the":[56,59,74,78,107,119,122,125,150,164,185,193,233,239,248,278,288,292,301],"original":[57],"remaining":[60],"can":[62,136,299,308],"be":[63,103,137,173,309,316],"attributed":[64],"distortions":[66],"due":[67],"channel.":[71],"We":[72,182,228],"define":[73,229],"channel":[76,127],"as":[77,232,274],"environment":[79],"transforms":[81],"reference":[82],"in":[86,96,109,118,167,311],"database":[88,99],"into":[89],"submitted":[91],"for":[92],"recognition.":[93],"If":[94],"an":[97,312],"object":[98,134,156,305,313],"are":[100,170],"generated":[101],"statistically":[104,114],"independent":[105,115],"noise":[108,166],"query":[111,168],"template":[112],"database,":[120],"then":[121],"abilities":[123],"classes":[135,306],"characterized":[138],"called":[142],"capacity.":[144],"In":[145],"this":[146,201],"paper,":[147],"we":[148,203,298],"evaluate":[149],"empirical":[151,254,264],"capacity":[153,255,290],"PCA-based":[155,257],"systems.":[158],"encoded":[160,190,196],"(templates)":[162],"additive":[165],"modeled":[171],"Gaussian":[174],"distributed":[175],"with":[176,318],"zero":[177],"mean":[178],"estimated":[180],"variances.":[181],"analyze":[183],"both":[184],"case":[186,194],"single":[189],"image":[191],"correlated":[197],"multiple":[198],"images.":[199],"For":[200],"case,":[202],"propose":[204],"model":[206],"orientation":[209],"elevation":[211],"angle":[212],"(pose)":[213],"dependent.":[214],"fit":[216,226],"proposed":[218],"models":[219],"judged":[221],"using":[222],"statistical":[223],"goodness":[224],"tests.":[227],"rate":[231],"ratio":[234],"R=log(M)/n,":[235],"where":[236],"M":[237],"n":[246],"length":[249,293],"PCA":[251],"templates.":[252],"numerically":[261,270],"evaluated.":[262],"random":[265],"coding":[266],"exponent":[267],"also":[269],"evaluated":[271],"plotted":[273],"function":[276],"rate.":[280],"With":[281],"these":[282],"results,":[283],"given":[284],"value":[286],"(assume":[296],"large),":[297],"predict":[300],"distinct":[304],"stored":[310],"library":[314],"identified":[317],"probability":[319],"error":[321],"close":[322],"zero.":[324]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-01-13T01:12:25.745995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}