{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2171422836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2010210","title":"Mode-kn Factor Analysis for Image Ensembles","display_name":"Mode-kn Factor Analysis for Image Ensembles","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2171422836","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2010210","mag":"2171422836","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19179253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2008.2010210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2010210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381753","display_name":"Shuicheng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8906-3777"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuicheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746468","display_name":"Huan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3219-7226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA","Department of Information Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Yale University, New Heaven, CT, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113673751","display_name":"Jilin Tu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jilin Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089058945","display_name":"Xiaoou Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177725633","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/00t33hh48","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoou Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177725633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101942667","display_name":"Tianyu Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0361-1205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T.S. Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100381753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75205182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"670","last_page":"676"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12303","display_name":"Tensor decomposition and applications","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2605","display_name":"Computational Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.6008815765380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4891243577003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4528076648712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.43379196524620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3428686559200287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30360516905784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.22452670335769653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.6008815765380859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4891243577003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4528076648712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43379196524620056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3428686559200287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30360516905784607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.22452670335769653}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001185","descriptor_name":"Artificial Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001699","descriptor_name":"Biometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005145","descriptor_name":"Face","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013382","descriptor_name":"Subtraction Technique","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2008.2010210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2010210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19179253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19179253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/82707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/82707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scopus","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.649.2849","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.649.2849","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mmlab.ie.cuhk.edu.hk/archive/2009/tip09_modeknSVD.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1748168094","https://openalex.org/W1770825568","https://openalex.org/W2006793117","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2072509929","https://openalex.org/W2097366995","https://openalex.org/W2100779717","https://openalex.org/W2103504761","https://openalex.org/W2113055885","https://openalex.org/W2113339916","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2130278361","https://openalex.org/W2133487567","https://openalex.org/W2135346934","https://openalex.org/W2137483768","https://openalex.org/W2160551639","https://openalex.org/W2167372553","https://openalex.org/W2167757589","https://openalex.org/W2308181013","https://openalex.org/W2611015177","https://openalex.org/W6637766136","https://openalex.org/W6674755931","https://openalex.org/W6676800495"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027","https://openalex.org/W2962838298"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,83,134],"this":[1,56],"corespondence,":[2],"we":[3,58],"study":[4],"the":[5,10,13,24,47,76,84,88,96,99,106,110,125,130,135,142,146,183,192,200,210,216,229,232],"extra-factor":[6,112,184,239],"estimation":[7,226],"problem":[8],"with":[9,23,199],"assumption":[11],"that":[12],"training":[14],"image":[15,31],"ensemble":[16],"is":[17,121,149,179,195],"expressed":[18],"as":[19,40,177],"an":[20,30],"nth-order":[21],"tensor":[22,163],"nth-dimension":[25],"characterizing":[26],"all":[27,206],"features":[28],"for":[29,35,55,69,87,138,181,222,238],"and":[32,43,109,114,190,218,224],"other":[33,207],"dimensions":[34],"different":[36],"extra":[37,77],"factors,":[38],"such":[39],"illuminations,":[41],"poses,":[42],"identities.":[44],"To":[45],"overcome":[46],"local":[48],"minimum":[49],"issue":[50],"of":[51,79,95,145,157,173,186,202,205,231],"conventional":[52,162,236],"algorithms":[53,165,237],"designed":[54],"problem,":[57],"present":[59],"a":[60,71,116,139,152,169],"novel":[61],"statistical":[62],"learning":[63,85],"framework":[64],"called":[65],"mode-kn":[66,100,117,126,158],"Factor":[67],"Analysis":[68],"obtaining":[70],"closed-form":[72,170],"solution":[73,176],"to":[74],"estimating":[75,182],"factors":[78],"any":[80,187],"test":[81,140,188],"image.":[82],"stage,":[86,137],"kth":[89,111,147],"[see":[90],"formula":[91],"in":[92,209],"text]":[93],"dimension":[94,108,148],"data":[97,132,204],"tensor,":[98],"patterns":[101,127],"are":[102,166],"constructed":[103],"by":[104,197],"concatenating":[105],"feature":[107],"dimension,":[113],"then":[115],"factor":[118,159],"analysis":[119,160,164],"model":[120],"learnt":[122],"based":[123],"on":[124,215],"unfolded":[128],"from":[129],"original":[131],"tensor.":[133],"inference":[136],"image,":[141],"mode":[143,185],"classification":[144,193],"performed":[150],"within":[151],"probabilistic":[153],"framework.":[154],"The":[155],"advantages":[156],"over":[161,235],"twofold:":[167],"1)":[168],"solution,":[171],"instead":[172],"iterative":[174],"sub-optimal":[175],"conventionally,":[178],"derived":[180],"image;":[189],"2)":[191],"capability":[194],"enhanced":[196],"interacting":[198],"process":[201],"synthesizing":[203],"modes":[208],"k":[211],"th":[212],"dimension.":[213],"Experiments":[214],"Pointing'04":[217],"CMU":[219],"PIE":[220],"databases":[221],"pose":[223],"illumination":[225],"both":[227],"validate":[228],"superiority":[230],"proposed":[233],"algorithm":[234],"estimation.":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
