{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2132994909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2008733","title":"High-Fidelity Data Embedding for Image Annotation","display_name":"High-Fidelity Data Embedding for Image Annotation","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2132994909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2008733","mag":"2132994909","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19116199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2008.2008733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2008733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"letter","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101359802","display_name":"Shan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4404-8768"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68384125","display_name":"Thomson Reuters (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00m7gt169","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68384125"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thomson Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ, USA","Thomson Corp. Res., Princeton, NJ"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thomson Corporate Research, Princeton, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68384125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thomson Corp. Res., Princeton, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68384125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030613945","display_name":"Darko Kirovski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1290206253","display_name":"Microsoft (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00d0nc645","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D. Kirovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microsoft Research Limited, Redmond, WA, USA","Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research Limited, Redmond, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042783680","display_name":"Min Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-9357"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101359802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68384125"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.48013201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92035785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"429","last_page":"435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-watermarking","display_name":"Digital watermarking","score":0.8213707804679871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7682112455368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fidelity","display_name":"Fidelity","score":0.728439211845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermark","display_name":"Watermark","score":0.620418131351471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6143112778663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6056300401687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5595382452011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.4841354787349701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-hiding","display_name":"Information hiding","score":0.48150381445884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transform-coding","display_name":"Transform coding","score":0.4661029577255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/annotation","display_name":"Annotation","score":0.4379291236400604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payload","display_name":"Payload (computing)","score":0.4377892315387726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metadata","display_name":"Metadata","score":0.4182872772216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jpeg","display_name":"JPEG","score":0.4167398512363434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.3815917372703552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.345974862575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-cosine-transform","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","score":0.16397160291671753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.8213707804679871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7682112455368042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2119376","display_name":"Fidelity","level":2,"score":0.728439211845398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164112704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7974348","display_name":"Watermark","level":3,"score":0.620418131351471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6143112778663635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6056300401687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5595382452011108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4841354787349701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3073032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15912075","display_name":"Information hiding","level":3,"score":0.48150381445884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169805256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1361381","display_name":"Transform coding","level":4,"score":0.4661029577255249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776321320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857525","display_name":"Annotation","level":2,"score":0.4379291236400604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134066672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424639","display_name":"Payload (computing)","level":3,"score":0.4377892315387726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93518851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180160","display_name":"Metadata","level":2,"score":0.4182872772216797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198751489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2195","display_name":"JPEG","level":3,"score":0.4167398512363434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.3815917372703552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.345974862575531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2221639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2877","display_name":"Discrete cosine transform","level":3,"score":0.16397160291671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011356","descriptor_name":"Product Labeling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011356","descriptor_name":"Product Labeling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003196","descriptor_name":"Computer Graphics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004282","descriptor_name":"Documentation","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007090","descriptor_name":"Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016247","descriptor_name":"Information Storage and Retrieval","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011356","descriptor_name":"Product Labeling","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012815","descriptor_name":"Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tip.2008.2008733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tip.2008.2008733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210173141","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","issn_l":"1057-7149","issn":["1057-7149","1941-0042"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Image Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:19116199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19116199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on image processing : a publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529220479","https://openalex.org/W1530445939","https://openalex.org/W1572724440","https://openalex.org/W1600184714","https://openalex.org/W2039934958","https://openalex.org/W2099778990","https://openalex.org/W2110707318","https://openalex.org/W2112347448","https://openalex.org/W2116467012","https://openalex.org/W2126660587","https://openalex.org/W2138702206","https://openalex.org/W2159430622","https://openalex.org/W6631978111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2137394636","https://openalex.org/W2358993821","https://openalex.org/W1516446231","https://openalex.org/W2098152888","https://openalex.org/W1559740347","https://openalex.org/W2040356834","https://openalex.org/W2385289568","https://openalex.org/W2381486749","https://openalex.org/W1514507288","https://openalex.org/W2183032046"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"fidelity":[1,35],"is":[2,92,109],"a":[3,20,42,68,84,100,105,133,143],"demanding":[4],"requirement":[5],"for":[6,10,24,55],"data":[7],"hiding,":[8],"especially":[9],"images":[11,140],"with":[12,26],"artistic":[13],"or":[14],"medical":[15,139],"value.":[16],"This":[17],"correspondence":[18],"proposes":[19],"high-fidelity":[21],"image":[22,102],"watermarking":[23],"annotation":[25,130],"robustness":[27],"to":[28,53,93,111],"moderate":[29],"distortion.":[30],"To":[31],"achieve":[32],"the":[33,37,50,73,76,118,121,125,128],"high":[34],"of":[36,66,75,86,97,120,127,135,146],"embedded":[38],"image,":[39],"we":[40,62],"introduce":[41],"visual":[43,122],"perception":[44],"model":[45,123],"that":[46,71,82,107,141],"aims":[47],"at":[48],"quantifying":[49],"local":[51],"tolerance":[52],"noise":[54],"arbitrary":[56],"imagery.":[57],"Based":[58],"on":[59],"this":[60],"model,":[61],"embed":[63,94],"two":[64],"kinds":[65],"watermarks:":[67],"pilot":[69],"watermark":[70,77,81],"indicates":[72],"existence":[74],"and":[78,114,124,138],"an":[79],"information":[80],"conveys":[83],"payload":[85],"several":[87],"dozen":[88],"bits.":[89],"The":[90],"objective":[91],"32":[95],"bits":[96],"metadata":[98],"into":[99],"single":[101],"in":[103],"such":[104],"way":[106],"it":[108],"robust":[110],"JPEG":[112],"compression":[113],"cropping.":[115],"We":[116],"demonstrate":[117],"effectiveness":[119],"application":[126],"proposed":[129],"technology":[131],"using":[132],"database":[134],"challenging":[136],"photographic":[137],"contain":[142],"large":[144],"amount":[145],"smooth":[147],"regions.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}