{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7081952754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3609324","title":"TiO<sub>2</sub>-Modified SPR Fiber-Optic Sensor for High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Detection in Low-Temperature Environments","display_name":"TiO<sub>2</sub>-Modified SPR Fiber-Optic Sensor for High-Sensitivity Salinity and Temperature Detection in Low-Temperature Environments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7081952754","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3609324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3609324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3609324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Pengxiao Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6330-0294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pengxiao Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor, School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6330-0294","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor, School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1160-3133"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor, School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1160-3133","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Special Fiber and Fiber Sensor, School of Information Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7020-7303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7020-7303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sajid Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5054-5081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajid Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5054-5081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jianshe Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2807-6336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianshe Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2807-6336","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Li Huo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-3975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Huo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-3975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shuguang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-6028"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuguang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6988-6028","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Microstructural Material Physics, School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60056723,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6658999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12157","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geologic Mapping","score":0.6658999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13067","display_name":"Geological Modeling and Analysis","score":0.029899999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.01850000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salinity","display_name":"Salinity","score":0.7583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractive-index","display_name":"Refractive index","score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiber-optic-sensor","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-fiber","display_name":"Optical fiber","score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-of-measurement","display_name":"System of measurement","score":0.3343000113964081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.7583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5852000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5688999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5313000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42067758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174102","display_name":"Refractive index","level":2,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21651689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1397427","display_name":"Fiber optic sensor","level":3,"score":0.3725999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.3456000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162","display_name":"Optical fiber","level":2,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37649242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932268","display_name":"System of measurement","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3337000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23715911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698340","display_name":"Temperature salinity diagrams","level":3,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.30809998512268066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106847996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898756","display_name":"Surface plasmon resonance","level":3,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989271610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Optical sensing","level":2,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39353612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283759","display_name":"Atmospheric temperature range","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3609324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3609324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8179015466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IPOC2021B06","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326982","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326982","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W859377159","https://openalex.org/W1676530087","https://openalex.org/W1980309157","https://openalex.org/W2026144002","https://openalex.org/W2079060280","https://openalex.org/W2094892216","https://openalex.org/W2110435198","https://openalex.org/W2151032334","https://openalex.org/W2160351541","https://openalex.org/W2336044326","https://openalex.org/W2475328280","https://openalex.org/W2888214616","https://openalex.org/W2899372062","https://openalex.org/W2915285521","https://openalex.org/W3000007817","https://openalex.org/W3007834429","https://openalex.org/W3025777528","https://openalex.org/W3133117258","https://openalex.org/W3135305310","https://openalex.org/W3192528738","https://openalex.org/W3216978962","https://openalex.org/W4206620470","https://openalex.org/W4210798941","https://openalex.org/W4292097960","https://openalex.org/W4312223239","https://openalex.org/W4316039094","https://openalex.org/W4385998228","https://openalex.org/W4386913323","https://openalex.org/W4388714132","https://openalex.org/W4390128109","https://openalex.org/W4390686391","https://openalex.org/W4391053143","https://openalex.org/W4392671989","https://openalex.org/W4399249268","https://openalex.org/W4400916303"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Global":[0],"climate":[1],"change":[2],"has":[3,29],"led":[4],"to":[5,57,77,208],"significant":[6],"fluctuations":[7],"in":[8,239,243,249],"ocean":[9],"salinity":[10,88,97,105,185],"and":[11,23,26,35,85,107,132,141,155,168,190,213,228],"temperature,":[12],"especially":[13],"at":[14,158,175],"higher":[15,31],"latitudes,":[16],"which":[17,220],"have":[18],"severely":[19],"affected":[20],"natural":[21],"ecosystems":[22],"human":[24],"production":[25],"life.":[27],"This":[28,39,198],"placed":[30],"demands":[32],"on":[33],"real-time":[34],"precise":[36],"hydrological":[37,241],"detection.":[38],"article":[40],"utilizes":[41],"Ag-based":[42],"surface":[43],"plasmon":[44],"resonance":[45],"(SPR)":[46],"optical":[47],"fiber":[48],"sensors":[49],"modulated":[50],"by":[51,135],"TiO2":[52,93],"films":[53],"of":[54,61,104,111,148,171,203,217,224,231],"different":[55,176],"thicknesses":[56],"achieve":[58,214],"simultaneous":[59,167,215],"detection":[60,242],"two":[62,173],"parameters":[63,174],"within":[64],"a":[65,86],"wide":[66,87],"temperature":[67,123,193],"range":[68,89,131,134],"(<inline-formula":[69],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[70,79],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[71,80],"<tex-math":[72,81],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$-":[73],"40~^{\\circ":[74],"}$":[75,83],"</tex-math></inline-formula>C":[76],"<inline-formula":[78],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$100~^{\\circ":[82],"</tex-math></inline-formula>C)":[84],"(0%\u201325%).":[90],"The":[91,115,146,161],"Ag/thin-layer":[92],"structure":[94,120,164,226],"used":[95,121],"for":[96,122,238],"measurement":[98,124,133,170],"can":[99,125,150],"effectively":[100],"enhance":[101],"the":[102,108,112,127,137,143,152,166,172,183,191,201,210,222,229,250],"sensitivity":[103,186,194],"sensing":[106,216],"oxidation":[109],"resistance":[110],"Ag":[113],"film.":[114],"Ag/thick-layer":[116],"TiO2/PDMS":[117],"composite":[118],"film":[119],"broaden":[126],"refractive":[128],"index":[129],"(RI)":[130],"enhancing":[136],"local":[138],"electric":[139],"field":[140],"improving":[142],"equivalent":[144],"RI.":[145],"integration":[147,227],"PDMS":[149],"improve":[151],"spectral":[153],"response":[154],"probe":[156,163],"stability":[157],"low":[159],"temperatures.":[160],"cascaded":[162],"enables":[165],"distinguishable":[169],"working":[177],"wavelengths.":[178],"Experimental":[179],"results":[180],"show":[181],"that":[182],"maximum":[184,192],"is":[187,195],"7.2":[188],"nm/%":[189],"12.8":[196],"nm/\u00b0C.":[197],"study":[199],"demonstrates":[200],"path":[202],"using":[204],"semiconductor":[205],"thickness":[206],"modulation":[207],"expand":[209],"SPR":[211],"bandwidth":[212],"multiple":[218],"parameters,":[219],"avoids":[221],"complexity":[223],"multimaterial":[225],"risk":[230],"stress":[232],"cracking.":[233],"It":[234],"provides":[235],"technical":[236],"reserves":[237],"situ":[240],"high-altitude":[244],"or":[245],"complex":[246],"water":[247],"environments":[248],"future.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}