{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413967262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3604920","title":"Electromagnetic Techniques and Systems for Noninvasive Skin Cancer Detection and Classification: Current Status and Future Perspectives","display_name":"Electromagnetic Techniques and Systems for Noninvasive Skin Cancer Detection and Classification: Current Status and Future Perspectives","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413967262","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3604920"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3604920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3604920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019014924","display_name":"Syed Akbar Raza Naqvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-3739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Akbar Raza Naqvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-3739","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030925262","display_name":"Indu Jiji Rajmohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2608-8392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indu Jiji Rajmohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2608-8392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023404865","display_name":"Fei Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-6081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2302-6081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037182164","display_name":"Damien Foong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-5753"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800489302","display_name":"Logan Regional Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01f3dz928","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108785884","https://openalex.org/I2800489302"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801046730","display_name":"Logan Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0082dha77","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302211766","https://openalex.org/I2801046730","https://openalex.org/I2801244131","https://openalex.org/I4210089726","https://openalex.org/I4405259867"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damien Foong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Logan Skin Clinic, Logan Central, QLD, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-5753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Logan Skin Clinic, Logan Central, QLD, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800489302","https://openalex.org/I2801046730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017903283","display_name":"Amin Abbosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-5883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amin Abbosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8015-5883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6081,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85378232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11324","display_name":"Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research","score":0.9603999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10392","display_name":"Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management","score":0.9448000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12994","display_name":"Infrared Thermography in Medicine","score":0.939300000667572,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer-detection","display_name":"Cancer detection","score":0.5709877014160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.5181680917739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45047977566719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.44662365317344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.36012327671051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34971535205841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2702399790287018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26838770508766174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985322473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044843","display_name":"Cancer detection","level":3,"score":0.5709877014160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5181680917739868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45047977566719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.44662365317344666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36012327671051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34971535205841064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2702399790287018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26838770508766174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3604920","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3604920","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6168266037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BS123456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":206,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1506236829","https://openalex.org/W1518557439","https://openalex.org/W1535491701","https://openalex.org/W1964109629","https://openalex.org/W1969755213","https://openalex.org/W1975095205","https://openalex.org/W1976498995","https://openalex.org/W1980276147","https://openalex.org/W1980988986","https://openalex.org/W1985624623","https://openalex.org/W1986506811","https://openalex.org/W1986521854","https://openalex.org/W1994041320","https://openalex.org/W1995281127","https://openalex.org/W1998417489","https://openalex.org/W2002475630","https://openalex.org/W2004068658","https://openalex.org/W2005890184","https://openalex.org/W2011951967","https://openalex.org/W2014822043","https://openalex.org/W2016436875","https://openalex.org/W2018110849","https://openalex.org/W2022301212","https://openalex.org/W2022407968","https://openalex.org/W2022655957","https://openalex.org/W2023574219","https://openalex.org/W2024818396","https://openalex.org/W2025838995","https://openalex.org/W2034913245","https://openalex.org/W2039556342","https://openalex.org/W2041914157","https://openalex.org/W2045418929","https://openalex.org/W2048203523","https://openalex.org/W2059115419","https://openalex.org/W2062954215","https://openalex.org/W2065922515","https://openalex.org/W2067391414","https://openalex.org/W2067842493","https://openalex.org/W2068105180","https://openalex.org/W2070800105","https://openalex.org/W2072029637","https://openalex.org/W2072897601","https://openalex.org/W2073187445","https://openalex.org/W2073411662","https://openalex.org/W2074457543","https://openalex.org/W2079995146","https://openalex.org/W2081015617","https://openalex.org/W2081428964","https://openalex.org/W2082956962","https://openalex.org/W2086872371","https://openalex.org/W2087077244","https://openalex.org/W2088960045","https://openalex.org/W2092958206","https://openalex.org/W2093229077","https://openalex.org/W2095263265","https://openalex.org/W2100269811","https://openalex.org/W2101453568","https://openalex.org/W2104890976","https://openalex.org/W2106212985","https://openalex.org/W2106424861","https://openalex.org/W2112286048","https://openalex.org/W2113678329","https://openalex.org/W2114857891","https://openalex.org/W2115957312","https://openalex.org/W2117465127","https://openalex.org/W2119887875","https://openalex.org/W2121706068","https://openalex.org/W2122365589","https://openalex.org/W2128756499","https://openalex.org/W2134725443","https://openalex.org/W2142227599","https://openalex.org/W2162786631","https://openalex.org/W2165376328","https://openalex.org/W2166168976","https://openalex.org/W2171351342","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2206530368","https://openalex.org/W2257010589","https://openalex.org/W2335279494","https://openalex.org/W2337400180","https://openalex.org/W2400607147","https://openalex.org/W2508998687","https://openalex.org/W2526519851","https://openalex.org/W2543901919","https://openalex.org/W2551138855","https://openalex.org/W2557294146","https://openalex.org/W2598959035","https://openalex.org/W2600554587","https://openalex.org/W2614029127","https://openalex.org/W2618208193","https://openalex.org/W2620136292","https://openalex.org/W2625139016","https://openalex.org/W2747023587","https://openalex.org/W2751236084","https://openalex.org/W2762025024","https://openalex.org/W2766711379","https://openalex.org/W2766894791","https://openalex.org/W2770990333","https://openalex.org/W2783115232","https://openalex.org/W2789833839","https://openalex.org/W2790497065","https://openalex.org/W2794042935","https://openalex.org/W2799446761","https://openalex.org/W2800443775","https://openalex.org/W2802216464","https://openalex.org/W2802914200","https://openalex.org/W2808814350","https://openalex.org/W2884941044","https://openalex.org/W2888638072","https://openalex.org/W2900326087","https://openalex.org/W2900437219","https://openalex.org/W2901368560","https://openalex.org/W2903060508","https://openalex.org/W2904148296","https://openalex.org/W2905232115","https://openalex.org/W2906491802","https://openalex.org/W2918293928","https://openalex.org/W2918792723","https://openalex.org/W2931221067","https://openalex.org/W2937532172","https://openalex.org/W2950575155","https://openalex.org/W2961786769","https://openalex.org/W2966432217","https://openalex.org/W2967073593","https://openalex.org/W2980263710","https://openalex.org/W2984445747","https://openalex.org/W2991477116","https://openalex.org/W2992299886","https://openalex.org/W2995356951","https://openalex.org/W2997605522","https://openalex.org/W3009353053","https://openalex.org/W3015351665","https://openalex.org/W3021170386","https://openalex.org/W3085118111","https://openalex.org/W3085502133","https://openalex.org/W3104301401","https://openalex.org/W3108535894","https://openalex.org/W3113962394","https://openalex.org/W3123480721","https://openalex.org/W3125619645","https://openalex.org/W3148015652","https://openalex.org/W3155527595","https://openalex.org/W3156682058","https://openalex.org/W3172891423","https://openalex.org/W3178662265","https://openalex.org/W3193330632","https://openalex.org/W3209264851","https://openalex.org/W3210119314","https://openalex.org/W3213708954","https://openalex.org/W4200119082","https://openalex.org/W4200379409","https://openalex.org/W4207008113","https://openalex.org/W4214946487","https://openalex.org/W4220663311","https://openalex.org/W4220856798","https://openalex.org/W4220862195","https://openalex.org/W4220927435","https://openalex.org/W4225999906","https://openalex.org/W4281854311","https://openalex.org/W4285027906","https://openalex.org/W4291805242","https://openalex.org/W4293067010","https://openalex.org/W4293238888","https://openalex.org/W4294919644","https://openalex.org/W4304128398","https://openalex.org/W4304698419","https://openalex.org/W4309548792","https://openalex.org/W4319777970","https://openalex.org/W4322751444","https://openalex.org/W4323362527","https://openalex.org/W4360595313","https://openalex.org/W4362585752","https://openalex.org/W4378347563","https://openalex.org/W4380050064","https://openalex.org/W4380225220","https://openalex.org/W4382361747","https://openalex.org/W4385695909","https://openalex.org/W4386699565","https://openalex.org/W4386986020","https://openalex.org/W4387099616","https://openalex.org/W4387132442","https://openalex.org/W4387407467","https://openalex.org/W4387534148","https://openalex.org/W4388466584","https://openalex.org/W4388624517","https://openalex.org/W4388713802","https://openalex.org/W4388894692","https://openalex.org/W4390751399","https://openalex.org/W4390942142","https://openalex.org/W4390970757","https://openalex.org/W4391051245","https://openalex.org/W4392188015","https://openalex.org/W4392661793","https://openalex.org/W4393140033","https://openalex.org/W4394579407","https://openalex.org/W4394695452","https://openalex.org/W4396753384","https://openalex.org/W4396851006","https://openalex.org/W4398147700","https://openalex.org/W4400051301","https://openalex.org/W4401560428","https://openalex.org/W4401633489","https://openalex.org/W4402391304","https://openalex.org/W4403628248","https://openalex.org/W4404445039","https://openalex.org/W4407433401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982412832","https://openalex.org/W4244464241","https://openalex.org/W2384573129","https://openalex.org/W2351224547","https://openalex.org/W2186113122","https://openalex.org/W2358945257","https://openalex.org/W1523310174","https://openalex.org/W4318692582","https://openalex.org/W2400060196","https://openalex.org/W2419646825"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Skin":[0],"cancer":[1,7,131],"is":[2,19,38,52,100],"the":[3,53,89,106,120],"leading":[4],"type":[5],"of":[6,50,55,88,96],"in":[8,25,109],"many":[9],"nations.":[10],"Traditional":[11],"detection":[12,98,132],"methods":[13,99],"rely":[14],"on":[15],"visual":[16],"inspection,":[17],"which":[18],"inherently":[20],"subjective":[21],"and":[22,70,92,94,122,126,133],"can":[23],"result":[24],"unnecessary":[26],"biopsies":[27],"due":[28],"to":[29,68],"overdiagnosis":[30],"or":[31,66],"delayed":[32],"intervention":[33],"from":[34],"underdiagnosis.":[35],"Consequently,":[36],"there":[37],"significant":[39],"research":[40,107],"towards":[41],"building":[42],"objective,":[43],"non-invasive":[44,129],"diagnostic":[45],"methods.":[46],"A":[47],"critical":[48],"area":[49],"study":[51],"utilization":[54],"different":[56],"electromagnetic":[57,80,124],"spectrum":[58],"bands,":[59],"investigating":[60],"approaches":[61],"that":[62,75],"incorporate":[63],"either":[64],"spectroscopy":[65],"imaging":[67],"detect":[69],"classify":[71],"skin":[72,130],"lesions.":[73],"Given":[74],"biological":[76],"tissues":[77],"exhibit":[78],"distinct":[79],"signatures":[81],"at":[82],"varying":[83],"frequencies,":[84],"a":[85],"comprehensive":[86],"understanding":[87],"theoretical":[90],"foundations":[91],"pros":[93],"cons":[95],"these":[97],"crucial.":[101],"This":[102,116],"knowledge":[103],"will":[104],"guide":[105],"community":[108],"selecting":[110],"appropriate":[111],"avenues":[112],"for":[113,128],"further":[114],"investigation.":[115],"paper":[117],"delves":[118],"into":[119],"current":[121],"emerging":[123],"methodologies":[125],"systems":[127],"classification.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}