{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413887317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3604125","title":"Performance Evaluation of Magnetocardiography Sensor Arrays via Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao Bound for Cardiac Source Localization","display_name":"Performance Evaluation of Magnetocardiography Sensor Arrays via Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao Bound for Cardiac Source Localization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413887317","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3604125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3604125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3604125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112977184","display_name":"Min Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1783-8961"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115603251","display_name":"Yanmei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5839-3711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101715572","display_name":"Peilun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9533-4449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142646","display_name":"Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/048m5jb39","country_code":"RO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142646"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peilun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Institute of Extremelyweak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Institute of Extremelyweak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142646"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030112662","display_name":"Yadan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6810-2420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142646","display_name":"Extreme Light Infrastructure - Nuclear Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/048m5jb39","country_code":"RO","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142646"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yadan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, China","State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Institute of Extremelyweak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Extremely-Weak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome/National Institute of Extremelyweak Magnetic Field Infrastructure, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142646"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071836863","display_name":"Min Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0239-3392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education, School of Instrumentation and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Ultra-Weak Magnetic Field Measurement Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5112977184"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43150893,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.8889999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.8889999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.8815000057220459,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12692","display_name":"Magnetic Field Sensors Techniques","score":0.8173999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetocardiography","display_name":"Magnetocardiography","score":0.9493577480316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.4652586579322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.422069787979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3878730535507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38072431087493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3300659656524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28113725781440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.27894335985183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.262972354888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiology","display_name":"Cardiology","score":0.25865522027015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.19769573211669922}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778475581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1884389","display_name":"Magnetocardiography","level":2,"score":0.9493577480316162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.4652586579322815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.422069787979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3878730535507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38072431087493896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3300659656524658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28113725781440735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.27894335985183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.262972354888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.25865522027015686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.19769573211669922}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3604125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3604125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4745447731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20485","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5862736383","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1536252645","https://openalex.org/W1984241019","https://openalex.org/W2017282985","https://openalex.org/W2019958935","https://openalex.org/W2024960421","https://openalex.org/W2032449521","https://openalex.org/W2050094521","https://openalex.org/W2064654820","https://openalex.org/W2070183748","https://openalex.org/W2075887042","https://openalex.org/W2080137861","https://openalex.org/W2084333685","https://openalex.org/W2091149543","https://openalex.org/W2091765444","https://openalex.org/W2103519107","https://openalex.org/W2104849640","https://openalex.org/W2110041484","https://openalex.org/W2110999624","https://openalex.org/W2115518555","https://openalex.org/W2116058657","https://openalex.org/W2121916256","https://openalex.org/W2127635814","https://openalex.org/W2134586365","https://openalex.org/W2134732698","https://openalex.org/W2136991848","https://openalex.org/W2147807765","https://openalex.org/W2148066426","https://openalex.org/W2149755721","https://openalex.org/W2162185356","https://openalex.org/W2396848070","https://openalex.org/W2512628654","https://openalex.org/W2791548393","https://openalex.org/W2949327983","https://openalex.org/W3030601496","https://openalex.org/W3111071107","https://openalex.org/W3145604009","https://openalex.org/W3178778634","https://openalex.org/W3184559751","https://openalex.org/W3200141076","https://openalex.org/W3214581992","https://openalex.org/W4206209713","https://openalex.org/W4213330922","https://openalex.org/W4225371286","https://openalex.org/W4383199552","https://openalex.org/W4385578882","https://openalex.org/W4387709825","https://openalex.org/W4388933760","https://openalex.org/W4392406099","https://openalex.org/W4392514908","https://openalex.org/W4402735940"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W2298861036","https://openalex.org/W2271181815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetocardiography":[0],"(MCG)":[1],"source":[2,104,143,186],"localisation":[3],"plays":[4],"a":[5,114],"key":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,25,103],"estimating":[9,141],"cardiac":[10,142],"electrical":[11],"activity":[12,16],"and":[13,58,123,148,241],"identifying":[14],"abnormal":[15],"locations":[17],"for":[18,37,95,140,185],"disease":[19],"diagnosis.":[20],"To":[21,86],"improve":[22],"estimation":[23,56,77],"accuracy":[24],"clinical":[26,240],"applications,":[27],"evaluating":[28],"the":[29,64,68,74,80,101,110,118,126,131,137,150,156,162,166,177,197,208,215,226],"performance":[30,167],"of":[31,70,76,82,120,125,152,168,179,217],"MCG":[32,96,146,169,230],"sensor":[33,65,212],"arrays":[34,97,170,231],"is":[35,219],"crucial":[36],"selecting":[38],"optimal":[39],"configurations.":[40],"Such":[41],"evaluations":[42],"have":[43],"traditionally":[44],"been":[45],"conducted":[46],"through":[47],"various":[48,239],"metrics.":[49],"However,":[50],"these":[51,88],"metrics":[52],"depend":[53],"on":[54,99,117,155],"specific":[55],"algorithms":[57,78],"fail":[59],"to":[60,164,189,210,238],"directly":[61],"reflect":[62],"how":[63],"array":[66],"influences":[67],"variance":[69,102,119],"parameter":[71,105],"estimation.":[72,106,187],"Furthermore,":[73],"diversity":[75],"hinders":[79],"establishment":[81],"uniform":[83],"assessment":[84],"criteria.":[85],"overcome":[87],"challenges,":[89],"we":[90,135,160,206],"present":[91],"an":[92],"evaluation":[93],"method":[94,108],"focused":[98],"minimising":[100],"The":[107],"leverages":[109],"Cram\u00e9r-Rao":[111],"Bound":[112],"(CRB),":[113],"theoretical":[115],"limit":[116],"unbiased":[121],"estimators":[122],"independent":[124],"employed":[127],"algorithm.":[128],"Aided":[129],"by":[130,201],"boundary":[132],"element":[133],"method,":[134],"derive":[136],"CRB":[138,163,227],"framework":[139],"parameters":[144],"using":[145],"data":[147],"quantify":[149],"effect":[151],"adding":[153],"sensors":[154,218],"CRB.":[157],"In":[158],"addition,":[159],"utilise":[161],"evaluate":[165],"measuring":[171],"different":[172],"magnetic":[173],"field":[174,183],"components,":[175],"quantifying":[176],"advantages":[178],"three-dimensional":[180],"(3D)":[181],"vector":[182,194],"measurements":[184,195],"Compared":[188],"conventional":[190],"radial":[191],"measurements,":[192],"3D":[193],"reduce":[196],"equivalent":[198],"uncertainty":[199],"radius":[200],"more":[202],"than":[203],"25.62%.":[204],"Finally,":[205],"apply":[207],"approach":[209],"optimise":[211],"arrangements":[213],"when":[214],"number":[216],"limited.":[220],"Overall,":[221],"our":[222],"results":[223],"show":[224],"that":[225],"effectively":[228],"evaluates":[229],"across":[232],"diverse":[233],"configurations,":[234],"making":[235],"it":[236],"applicable":[237],"engineering":[242],"applications.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-09-01T00:00:00"}
