{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413554977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3602568","title":"Synthesizing Labeled Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals for Pipeline Integrity Assessment: A Generation and Evaluation Methodology","display_name":"Synthesizing Labeled Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals for Pipeline Integrity Assessment: A Generation and Evaluation Methodology","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413554977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3602568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3602568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3602568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060150041","display_name":"Ximing Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ximing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China","College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum - Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1522-0307","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum - Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029316743","display_name":"Mengkai Fu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengkai Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China","College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum - Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3821-4628","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum - Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062156908","display_name":"Xiaoben Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-3584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoben Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China","College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum - Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-3584","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum - Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107221203","display_name":"Jianjun Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0245-8870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204553293","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/041qf4r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China","College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum - Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0245-8870","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Transportation Engineering, China University of Petroleum - Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204553293"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18373607,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12086","display_name":"Structural Integrity and Reliability Analysis","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux-leakage","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","score":0.7510814666748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.6004734635353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux","display_name":"Magnetic flux","score":0.5183223485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.45190703868865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.387429803609848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-engineering","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","score":0.3640938997268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3635072112083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3585793972015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.333749383687973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3132110834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26752832531929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.22270792722702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20237085223197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.16214486956596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.14646190404891968}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20892748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390394","display_name":"Magnetic flux leakage","level":3,"score":0.7510814666748047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6004734635353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.5183223485946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.45190703868865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.387429803609848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.3640938997268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3635072112083435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3585793972015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.333749383687973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3132110834121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26752832531929016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.22270792722702026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20237085223197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16214486956596375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.14646190404891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3602568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3602568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1737853767","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC3070100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4958609053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52304013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5796092138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52474064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7792911123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2462023BJRC005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326291","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326291","display_name":"Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012224578","https://openalex.org/W2062628978","https://openalex.org/W2094947400","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2189709317","https://openalex.org/W2202445185","https://openalex.org/W2318140537","https://openalex.org/W2616876388","https://openalex.org/W2803281457","https://openalex.org/W2941426703","https://openalex.org/W2989504035","https://openalex.org/W3008395923","https://openalex.org/W3011350210","https://openalex.org/W3044580098","https://openalex.org/W3045800399","https://openalex.org/W3046654040","https://openalex.org/W3096236948","https://openalex.org/W3098056110","https://openalex.org/W3105515746","https://openalex.org/W3108650314","https://openalex.org/W3110877263","https://openalex.org/W3132970243","https://openalex.org/W3155072588","https://openalex.org/W3168099128","https://openalex.org/W3196989156","https://openalex.org/W4220996529","https://openalex.org/W4300672471","https://openalex.org/W4306951134","https://openalex.org/W4311415873","https://openalex.org/W4312388283","https://openalex.org/W4312497550","https://openalex.org/W4312589289","https://openalex.org/W4312875392","https://openalex.org/W4317038506","https://openalex.org/W4318473884","https://openalex.org/W4319300158","https://openalex.org/W4319971959","https://openalex.org/W4367721690","https://openalex.org/W4378450058","https://openalex.org/W4378697334","https://openalex.org/W4388712053","https://openalex.org/W4391215930","https://openalex.org/W4399615176"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W803998858","https://openalex.org/W3005508687","https://openalex.org/W2142368441","https://openalex.org/W4383333701","https://openalex.org/W2120417348","https://openalex.org/W2993285375","https://openalex.org/W2045234003","https://openalex.org/W2015574894","https://openalex.org/W2972622007","https://openalex.org/W3161862903"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"flux":[1,161],"leakage":[2,162],"(MFL)":[3],"detection":[4,171],"plays":[5],"a":[6,51,65,87,153,165],"vital":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9,21,145,168],"pipeline":[10,83,105,169],"integrity":[11],"inspection,":[12],"enabling":[13],"the":[14,34,56,110,123],"identification":[15],"and":[16,23,36,95,129,140],"assessment":[17],"of":[18,38,59,82,109,126],"potential":[19],"defects":[20],"oil":[22],"gas":[24],"transportation":[25],"systems.":[26,172],"While":[27],"machine":[28],"learning":[29],"methods":[30],"have":[31],"significantly":[32],"enhanced":[33],"speed":[35],"accuracy":[37],"MFL":[39,77],"signal":[40],"processing,":[41],"acquiring":[42],"large,":[43],"annotated":[44,159],"datasets":[45,131],"with":[46],"specific":[47,80],"defect":[48,170],"categories":[49],"remains":[50],"major":[52],"challenge":[53],"due":[54],"to":[55,74,99],"high":[57],"cost":[58],"labeling":[60],"methods.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"presents":[64],"novel":[66],"diffusion":[67],"model":[68],"approach":[69],"that":[70,90,122],"incorporates":[71],"class":[72],"labels":[73],"generate":[75],"synthetic":[76,111,128],"data":[78,102,112],"for":[79,156],"types":[81],"defects.":[84,106],"We":[85],"develop":[86],"comprehensive":[88],"methodology":[89],"includes":[91],"both":[92,127],"simulation":[93],"modeling":[94],"pull":[96],"through":[97,116],"testing":[98],"gather":[100],"training":[101],"on":[103],"various":[104],"The":[107,149],"quality":[108],"is":[113],"rigorously":[114],"evaluated":[115],"multiple":[117],"approaches.":[118],"Visualization":[119],"results":[120],"demonstrate":[121],"shallow":[124],"features":[125],"natural":[130],"are":[132],"highly":[133],"similar,":[134],"while":[135],"analyses":[136],"using":[137],"PCA,":[138],"t-SNE,":[139],"KNN":[141],"confirm":[142],"their":[143],"similarity":[144],"deeper":[146],"feature":[147],"spaces.":[148],"proposed":[150],"method":[151],"provides":[152],"reliable":[154],"solution":[155],"generating":[157],"high-quality":[158],"magnetic":[160],"data,":[163],"addressing":[164],"critical":[166],"bottleneck":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}