{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413120592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3597005","title":"Development of a High-Performance Data Acquisition and Processing System Based on System-on-Module and Field-Programmable Gate Array for Portable and Embeddable Optical Instruments","display_name":"Development of a High-Performance Data Acquisition and Processing System Based on System-on-Module and Field-Programmable Gate Array for Portable and Embeddable Optical Instruments","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413120592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3597005"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3597005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3597005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040514065","display_name":"Shichuan Ni","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichuan Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8062-5761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084038646","display_name":"Jiacheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1092-3848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1092-3848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108794949","display_name":"Weixiong Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-8992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixiong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1700-8992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2178-1000"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2178-1000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weihua Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2241-9375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2241-9375","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101694743","display_name":"Bo Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-1317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9909-1317","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weijun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1462-0182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802624667","display_name":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science","ror":"https://ror.org/046n57345","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1462-0182","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I2802624667"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357375","display_name":"Weidong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6141-1039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101037","display_name":"Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Atmosph\u00e8re","ror":"https://ror.org/014net767","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I2802487185","https://openalex.org/I4210101037","https://openalex.org/I4210137101","https://openalex.org/I4210139971"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l&#x2019;Atmosph&#x00E8;re, Universit&#x00E9; du Littoral C&#x00F4;te d&#x2019;Opale, Dunkerque, France","Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l&#x2019;Atmosph&#x00E8;re, Universit&#x00E9; du Littoral C&#x00F4;te d&#x2019;Opale, Dunkerque, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6141-1039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l&#x2019;Atmosph&#x00E8;re, Universit&#x00E9; du Littoral C&#x00F4;te d&#x2019;Opale, Dunkerque, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101037"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de Physicochimie de l&#x2019;Atmosph&#x00E8;re, Universit&#x00E9; du Littoral C&#x00F4;te d&#x2019;Opale, Dunkerque, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101037"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1238408,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9280999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.9280999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-acquisition","display_name":"Data acquisition","score":0.6775873899459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gate-array","display_name":"Gate array","score":0.6116898655891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.5553641319274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5199988484382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocell-array","display_name":"Macrocell array","score":0.5098963975906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.48255008459091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.437531977891922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple-programmable-logic-device","display_name":"Simple programmable logic device","score":0.43194007873535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4295976161956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3983847498893738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35525965690612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3491009473800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.3080877959728241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-synthesis","display_name":"Logic synthesis","score":0.10846856236457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10061964392662048}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163985040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172399","display_name":"Data acquisition","level":2,"score":0.6775873899459839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114901","display_name":"Gate array","level":3,"score":0.6116898655891418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5553641319274902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5199988484382629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142278197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4284934","display_name":"Macrocell array","level":5,"score":0.5098963975906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.48255008459091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.437531977891922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34370810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3961319","display_name":"Simple programmable logic device","level":5,"score":0.43194007873535156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4295976161956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3983847498893738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35525965690612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3491009473800659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.3080877959728241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157922185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173198","display_name":"Logic synthesis","level":3,"score":0.10846856236457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10061964392662048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162454741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173359","display_name":"Logic family","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3597005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3597005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1637962276","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42430104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2228158189","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A2028","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8294077984","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42305124","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969717683","https://openalex.org/W1971691441","https://openalex.org/W1980157640","https://openalex.org/W1980696160","https://openalex.org/W2012217399","https://openalex.org/W2157389811","https://openalex.org/W2313976147","https://openalex.org/W2402254972","https://openalex.org/W2580256319","https://openalex.org/W2585333696","https://openalex.org/W2766447775","https://openalex.org/W2883861272","https://openalex.org/W2972431256","https://openalex.org/W2988282852","https://openalex.org/W2993502289","https://openalex.org/W3017135385","https://openalex.org/W3148609646","https://openalex.org/W3166559827","https://openalex.org/W3196659109","https://openalex.org/W3202666732","https://openalex.org/W3204709038","https://openalex.org/W3214957943","https://openalex.org/W4206217851","https://openalex.org/W4211083590","https://openalex.org/W4225402052","https://openalex.org/W4225839174","https://openalex.org/W4309030610","https://openalex.org/W4309233030","https://openalex.org/W4312467001","https://openalex.org/W4312874691","https://openalex.org/W4366377620","https://openalex.org/W4367178981","https://openalex.org/W4377987747","https://openalex.org/W4378234331","https://openalex.org/W4379015366","https://openalex.org/W4406744456"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2466591189","https://openalex.org/W2014165129","https://openalex.org/W2085192548","https://openalex.org/W2764789987","https://openalex.org/W1966262200","https://openalex.org/W2038293309","https://openalex.org/W4309935840","https://openalex.org/W1537198282","https://openalex.org/W150753669","https://openalex.org/W2064975652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Highly":[0],"integrated":[1],"data":[2,89],"acquisition":[3,112,201],"and":[4,43,56,76,91,123,168,202,221,225],"processing":[5],"(DAQP)":[6],"systems":[7,22],"play":[8],"an":[9,227],"important":[10],"role":[11],"in":[12,51,148],"promoting":[13],"the":[14,38,65,83,141,150,155,160,169,178,183,199,207,231],"miniaturization":[15,232],"of":[16,40,67,85,106,119,154,182,206,233],"high-performance":[17],"optical":[18,234],"instruments.":[19,235],"Currently,":[20],"such":[21],"are":[23],"mainly":[24],"based":[25,72],"on":[26,73],"digital":[27,126],"signal":[28,86,98,111],"processors":[29],"or":[30],"advanced":[31],"reduced":[32],"instruction-set":[33],"compute":[34],"machines,":[35],"which":[36,81],"have":[37],"advantages":[39],"low-power":[41],"consumption":[42,153],"embedded":[44],"integration,":[45],"but":[46],"still":[47],"face":[48],"certain":[49],"limitations":[50],"processor":[52],"performance,":[53],"interface":[54],"capacity,":[55],"edge":[57],"computing":[58],"capabilities.":[59],"In":[60,195],"this":[61],"work,":[62],"we":[63],"report":[64],"development":[66],"a":[68,74,102,115,124,130],"novel":[69],"DAQP":[70,208],"system":[71],"system-on-module":[75],"field-programmable":[77],"gate":[78],"array":[79],"architecture,":[80],"combines":[82],"functionalities":[84],"generation,":[87],"high-speed":[88,200],"acquisition,":[90],"lock-in":[92],"amplifier":[93],"(LIA).":[94],"It":[95],"had":[96],"two":[97],"generation":[99],"channels":[100,113],"with":[101,114,129],"maximum":[103,116],"output":[104],"frequency":[105,132,162],"125":[107],"million":[108,121],"samples/s,":[109,122],"four":[110],"sampling":[117],"rate":[118],"65":[120],"four-channel":[125],"LIA":[127],"(DLIA)":[128],"demodulation":[131,204],"range":[133,172],"from":[134],"dc":[135],"to":[136,165,175,197,213],"5":[137],"MHz.":[138],"By":[139],"using":[140],"exponential":[142],"moving":[143],"average":[144],"(EMA)":[145],"filtering":[146],"algorithm":[147],"DLIA,":[149],"compilation":[151],"resource":[152],"filter":[156],"was":[157,163,173,185,211],"reduced.":[158],"When":[159],"modulation":[161,203,215],"set":[164,174],"20":[166],"kHz":[167],"input":[170],"voltage":[171],"\u00b11":[176],"V,":[177],"measured":[179],"input-referred":[180],"noise":[181],"DLIA":[184],"about":[186],"39":[187],"nV/<inline-formula":[188],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[189],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[190],"<tex-math":[191],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\surd":[192],"$":[193],"</tex-math></inline-formula>Hz.":[194],"order":[196],"verify":[198],"functions":[205],"system,":[209],"it":[210],"applied":[212],"amplitude":[214],"cavity-enhanced":[216],"absorption":[217],"spectroscopy,":[218],"achieving":[219],"portable":[220],"high-precision":[222],"NO2":[223],"measurements":[224],"providing":[226],"effective":[228],"means":[229],"for":[230]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}