{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412567575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3591198","title":"An Online Test-Time Adaptive Drift Compensation Network for Electronic Nose","display_name":"An Online Test-Time Adaptive Drift Compensation Network for Electronic Nose","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412567575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3591198"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3591198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3591198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101894659","display_name":"Zhifang Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2525-6104"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhifang Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2525-6104","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101446232","display_name":"Dongming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6206-6561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6206-6561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100707405","display_name":"Liu Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-5469","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ping Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6303-5145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6303-5145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080909831","display_name":"Fengchun Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-6690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengchun Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Perception and Multimodal Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing, China","Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Multimodal Inteligent Information Processing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-6690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-Perception and Multimodal Intelligent Information Processing, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Multimodal Inteligent Information Processing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103032266","display_name":"Bei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-4929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-4929","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101894659"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15757926,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9886000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12321","display_name":"Insect Pheromone Research and Control","score":0.988099992275238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9699000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensation","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","score":0.6373617053031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-nose","display_name":"Electronic nose","score":0.633189857006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5129282474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.48333069682121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3614856004714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3558898866176605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35178500413894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2851096987724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.14875611662864685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780023022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1338171","display_name":"Compensation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6373617053031921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23895516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q550092","display_name":"Electronic nose","level":2,"score":0.633189857006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5129282474517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48333069682121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3614856004714966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3558898866176605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35178500413894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2851096987724304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.14875611662864685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3591198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3591198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2412745672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023MD744139","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4138422096","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5910202111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1050831791","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W2010910059","https://openalex.org/W2020033987","https://openalex.org/W2022103656","https://openalex.org/W2022851810","https://openalex.org/W2048344731","https://openalex.org/W2059477850","https://openalex.org/W2108359495","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2151859462","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2170925765","https://openalex.org/W2293641351","https://openalex.org/W2695071295","https://openalex.org/W2783662494","https://openalex.org/W2791268528","https://openalex.org/W2971633022","https://openalex.org/W2973280249","https://openalex.org/W3003466106","https://openalex.org/W3010992834","https://openalex.org/W3020523979","https://openalex.org/W3034932469","https://openalex.org/W3166596953","https://openalex.org/W3200326076","https://openalex.org/W4213445891","https://openalex.org/W4220747995","https://openalex.org/W4281564019","https://openalex.org/W4312967631","https://openalex.org/W4382119231","https://openalex.org/W4384916618","https://openalex.org/W4385938290","https://openalex.org/W4389776421","https://openalex.org/W4392567193","https://openalex.org/W4399146372","https://openalex.org/W4399728465","https://openalex.org/W4400767051","https://openalex.org/W4403212290","https://openalex.org/W4404563913","https://openalex.org/W4404787992","https://openalex.org/W4405056015","https://openalex.org/W4405429477","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6846159801"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2056596841","https://openalex.org/W2349581046","https://openalex.org/W2080410076","https://openalex.org/W2912293709","https://openalex.org/W1596740836","https://openalex.org/W2536125181","https://openalex.org/W1982974357","https://openalex.org/W2081756653","https://openalex.org/W2523761394","https://openalex.org/W2086179153"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sensor":[0],"drift":[1,25,50,60,81,239],"is":[2,64,109,128],"a":[3,246],"common":[4],"problem":[5,17,240],"in":[6,37,52,68,136,154,241,254],"electronic":[7],"nose":[8],"(e-nose)":[9],"systems.":[10],"In":[11,95,118,166],"recent":[12],"years,":[13],"research":[14],"on":[15,141,245],"this":[16,69,167],"has":[18],"also":[19],"made":[20],"significant":[21],"progress,":[22],"and":[23,91,105,175,190,194,203,209,249],"various":[24],"compensation":[26,61],"methods":[27,32,253],"have":[28,33],"emerged.":[29],"Although":[30],"these":[31],"achieved":[34],"impressive":[35],"results":[36,229],"terms":[38,255],"of":[39,85,162,171,200,256],"recognition":[40,161,257],"accuracy,":[41],"they":[42],"often":[43],"fail":[44],"to":[45,79,131,151,197,220],"fully":[46],"account":[47],"for":[48,66],"the":[49,75,96,101,106,112,119,124,133,137,146,152,169,172,176,186,198,222,232,238,242,251],"situation":[51,244],"online":[53,57,78,92,120,142,160,243],"environments.":[54],"Therefore,":[55],"an":[56],"test-time":[58,93,121,143],"adaptive":[59],"network":[62],"(OTTA-DriftNet)":[63],"proposed":[65,233],"e-nose":[67,201],"article,":[70],"which":[71],"can":[72,235],"adaptively":[73],"adjust":[74],"prediction":[76],"model":[77,90,99,108,127,135,148,174,178,218],"address":[80,237],"phenomena.":[82],"OTTA-DriftNet":[83,234],"consists":[84],"two":[86],"steps:":[87],"generating":[88,97],"source":[89,98,107,115,126],"adaptation.":[94],"phase,":[100,123],"data":[102,202],"are":[103,191,215],"pre-processed,":[104],"trained":[110],"using":[111,185],"distribution-aligned":[113],"non-drifted":[114],"domain":[116],"data.":[117,165],"adaptation":[122,144],"pre-trained":[125],"first":[129],"used":[130,216],"initialize":[132],"teacher":[134,173],"network.":[138],"Then,":[139],"based":[140],"(OTTA),":[145],"student":[147,177],"gradually":[149],"adapts":[150],"changes":[153],"drifted":[155,164],"data,":[156],"ultimately":[157],"achieving":[158],"efficient":[159],"unlabeled":[163],"process,":[168],"parameters":[170],"(prediction":[179],"model)":[180],"learn":[181],"from":[182],"each":[183],"other":[184],"knowledge":[187],"distillation":[188],"mechanism":[189],"continuously":[192],"optimized":[193],"updated.":[195],"Due":[196],"complexity":[199],"its":[204],"temporal":[205],"nature,":[206],"attention":[207],"mechanisms":[208],"gated":[210],"recurrent":[211],"unit":[212],"(GRU)":[213],"networks":[214],"during":[217],"construction":[219],"enhance":[221],"model\u2019s":[223],"feature":[224],"processing":[225],"capability.":[226],"The":[227],"experimental":[228],"show":[230],"that":[231],"effectively":[236],"public":[247],"dataset":[248],"outperforms":[250],"existing":[252],"accuracy.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}