{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412536776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3590832","title":"Design of a Head Position and Orientation Detection System Based on Improved Markerless Visual Tracking for Unrestrained Awake Mice","display_name":"Design of a Head Position and Orientation Detection System Based on Improved Markerless Visual Tracking for Unrestrained Awake Mice","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412536776","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3590832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3590832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3590832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113216482","display_name":"Kui Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6560-3753","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043319795","display_name":"Yangyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-8298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6688-8298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006602426","display_name":"Meiru Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meiru Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4439-0926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shunde Innovation School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Foshan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuhang Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1388-5761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhang Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1388-5761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Huajun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4467-9282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huajun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4467-9282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057710785","display_name":"Tianhao Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianhao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3416-4213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054687080","display_name":"Xiao-cui Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangbao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8395-9598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041708136","display_name":"Qingyang Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-5066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78675632","display_name":"Beijing Information Science & Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xnqep60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyang Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7450-5066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging and the School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78675632"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Industrial Spectrum Imaging, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14514823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9710999727249146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9174000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7482957243919373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.7070456743240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/head","display_name":"Head (geology)","score":0.641340970993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.639583945274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.611674427986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5912736654281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5615726709365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.1481020450592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13448986411094666}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7482957243919373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.7070456743240356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.641340970993042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.639583945274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.611674427986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5912736654281616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5615726709365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.1481020450592041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13448986411094666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114793014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109","display_name":"Geomorphology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3590832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3590832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3114340745","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12375337","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3529108114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L232126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6650277195","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2402001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8021394618","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L232126","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516745487","https://openalex.org/W1966434201","https://openalex.org/W1975981090","https://openalex.org/W1983757576","https://openalex.org/W2011931700","https://openalex.org/W2032970983","https://openalex.org/W2051309616","https://openalex.org/W2069425565","https://openalex.org/W2072723786","https://openalex.org/W2077184594","https://openalex.org/W2078107160","https://openalex.org/W2081517391","https://openalex.org/W2083889388","https://openalex.org/W2114709292","https://openalex.org/W2117248802","https://openalex.org/W2117892228","https://openalex.org/W2119040171","https://openalex.org/W2120632737","https://openalex.org/W2141308428","https://openalex.org/W2144524546","https://openalex.org/W2151464048","https://openalex.org/W2173151576","https://openalex.org/W2521767659","https://openalex.org/W2540640277","https://openalex.org/W2560095552","https://openalex.org/W2575156669","https://openalex.org/W2576212652","https://openalex.org/W2588479397","https://openalex.org/W2752825657","https://openalex.org/W2794081458","https://openalex.org/W2796773068","https://openalex.org/W2893587285","https://openalex.org/W2897239109","https://openalex.org/W2900425279","https://openalex.org/W2921014813","https://openalex.org/W2952669817","https://openalex.org/W2971158775","https://openalex.org/W2971389463","https://openalex.org/W3044301897","https://openalex.org/W3119995633","https://openalex.org/W3120846301","https://openalex.org/W3134665379","https://openalex.org/W3169795239","https://openalex.org/W3190399669","https://openalex.org/W3206001218","https://openalex.org/W4291652745","https://openalex.org/W4297808778","https://openalex.org/W4382059335","https://openalex.org/W4385408898","https://openalex.org/W4391512913","https://openalex.org/W4392114216","https://openalex.org/W4403517715","https://openalex.org/W6639444726","https://openalex.org/W6679510144"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084086966","https://openalex.org/W3097502728","https://openalex.org/W2023861399","https://openalex.org/W2730915376","https://openalex.org/W2113206756","https://openalex.org/W2158788032","https://openalex.org/W1975173418","https://openalex.org/W2366008286","https://openalex.org/W2970295229","https://openalex.org/W2065854286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"nuclear":[1,191,239],"medicine":[2,192,240],"imaging":[3],"of":[4,34,77,91,99,105,126,143,152,157,213,238],"unrestrained":[5,60],"awake":[6,61],"mice,":[7],"head":[8,25,47,101,186,231],"movement":[9],"can":[10],"lead":[11],"to":[12,228],"motion":[13,26,94,180,219,232],"artifacts":[14,27,233],"that":[15,115,171],"compromise":[16],"image":[17,69,71],"resolution":[18],"and":[19,49,83,103,133,136,148,160,166,188,194,216,234],"alter":[20],"tracer":[21],"distribution.":[22,177],"Consequently,":[23],"eliminating":[24],"is":[28],"crucial":[29],"for":[30,59,122,139,230],"improving":[31],"the":[32,78,89,92,100,116,123,137,140,153,158,167,185,199,203,211,236],"quality":[33,237],"brain":[35],"positron":[36],"emission":[37],"tomography":[38],"(PET)":[39],"images.":[40,241],"In":[41],"this":[42,223],"study,":[43],"we":[44],"designed":[45,93,179],"a":[46,106,175],"position":[48,102,187],"orientation":[50,104,189],"detection":[51],"system":[52,64,182,204,224],"based":[53],"on":[54,208],"improved":[55],"markerless":[56],"visual":[57],"tracking":[58,95,181],"mice.":[62],"The":[63,178,218],"comprised":[65],"five":[66],"primary":[67],"phases:":[68],"preprocessing,":[70],"segmentation,":[72],"three-dimensional":[73],"(3D)":[74],"reconstruction,":[75],"construction":[76],"complete":[79],"reference":[80],"point":[81,84],"cloud,":[82],"cloud":[85],"registration.":[86],"To":[87],"evaluate":[88],"performance":[90],"system,":[96],"repeatable":[97,154],"measurements":[98],"stationary":[107],"mouse":[108],"phantom":[109],"were":[110,128,145],"conducted.":[111],"Experimental":[112],"results":[113,156],"showed":[114],"root":[117],"mean":[118],"square":[119],"errors":[120],"(RMSE)":[121],"translational":[124,159],"degrees":[125,142],"freedom":[127,144],"0.051":[129],"mm,":[130,132,135],"0.222":[131],"0.243":[134],"RMSE":[138],"rotational":[141,161],"0.035\u00b0,":[146],"0.077\u00b0,":[147],"0.072\u00b0.":[149],"Statistical":[150],"analysis":[151,196],"measurement":[155],"parameters":[162],"by":[163],"Quantile-Quantile":[164],"Plots":[165],"Kolmogorov-Smirnov":[168],"test":[169],"confirmed":[170],"each":[172],"parameter":[173],"followed":[174],"normal":[176],"accurately":[183],"measured":[184],"during":[190],"imaging,":[193],"statistical":[195],"further":[197],"demonstrated":[198],"system\u2019s":[200],"reliability.":[201],"Additionally,":[202],"did":[205],"not":[206],"rely":[207],"markers,":[209],"avoiding":[210],"risk":[212],"marker":[214],"slippage":[215],"detachment.":[217],"information":[220],"obtained":[221],"from":[222],"could":[225],"be":[226],"utilized":[227],"compensate":[229],"enhance":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
