{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412536781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3590831","title":"Hybrid Model-Based Soft Sensing Method for Temperature in Laser Soldering Processes","display_name":"Hybrid Model-Based Soft Sensing Method for Temperature in Laser Soldering Processes","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412536781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3590831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3590831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3590831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009789207","display_name":"Zhihua Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-2141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihua Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-2141","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weihong Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6821-9597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihong Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6821-9597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shibin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4485-4781"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4485-4781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Science and Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375894","display_name":"Tao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-0945"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology and the School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","State Key Lab of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment & Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-0945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment and Technology and the School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Lab of Intelligent Manufacturing Equipment & Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71480368,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11583","display_name":"Advanced Measurement and Metrology Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11159","display_name":"Manufacturing Process and Optimization","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9789999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5925581455230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soldering","display_name":"Soldering","score":0.5868021845817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.5512231588363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.4627220034599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39611905813217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3599652945995331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35174065828323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2826465368270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.23716437816619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.17632800340652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14420947432518005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5925581455230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50296614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211387","display_name":"Soldering","level":2,"score":0.5868021845817566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.5512231588363647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.4627220034599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39611905813217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3599652945995331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35174065828323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2826465368270874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.23716437816619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.17632800340652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14420947432518005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3590831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3590831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1422066717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GZB20230241","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317781","funder_display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2728808036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515011998","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6003418535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317781","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996057986","https://openalex.org/W2046661517","https://openalex.org/W2104178017","https://openalex.org/W2109986870","https://openalex.org/W2545753474","https://openalex.org/W2603398105","https://openalex.org/W2969237797","https://openalex.org/W2970456866","https://openalex.org/W3001934854","https://openalex.org/W3006115577","https://openalex.org/W3006173678","https://openalex.org/W3044826556","https://openalex.org/W3119696893","https://openalex.org/W3156072336","https://openalex.org/W3158821732","https://openalex.org/W3211007748","https://openalex.org/W4214601658","https://openalex.org/W4283464166","https://openalex.org/W4378804743","https://openalex.org/W4381165439","https://openalex.org/W4385949154","https://openalex.org/W4388701236","https://openalex.org/W4389304962","https://openalex.org/W4391467997","https://openalex.org/W4400525204","https://openalex.org/W4400617864","https://openalex.org/W4405744013","https://openalex.org/W6686384014"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367566533","https://openalex.org/W4405446909","https://openalex.org/W2187937315","https://openalex.org/W1983256527","https://openalex.org/W2297830036","https://openalex.org/W2113862045","https://openalex.org/W2384038313","https://openalex.org/W2378851622","https://openalex.org/W2349280512","https://openalex.org/W2358895457"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,18,28,39,44,48,53,97,100,111,127,131,136,156,161,164,175,178,185,190,193,196,205,215,219,223],"miniaturization":[2],"of":[3,31,47,60,105,113,130,177,189,195,204,222],"electronic":[4],"products,":[5],"solder":[6,49,106,224],"joints":[7],"on":[8],"consumer":[9],"circuit":[10],"boards":[11],"have":[12],"become":[13],"denser,":[14],"with":[15,89,226],"sizes":[16],"reaching":[17],"millimeter":[19],"scale.":[20],"Accurate":[21],"temperature":[22,41,46,55,72,221],"measurement":[23],"is":[24,56,108,120],"therefore":[25],"crucial":[26],"for":[27,77],"quality":[29],"control":[30],"laser":[32,78],"soldering":[33,79],"processes.":[34,80],"However,":[35],"infrared":[36],"thermometers":[37],"measure":[38],"surface":[40,103],"rather":[42],"than":[43],"internal":[45,101,220],"paste;":[50],"in":[51,146,163],"addition,":[52],"measured":[54],"susceptible":[57],"to":[58,159],"influences":[59],"volatilized":[61],"gases":[62],"and":[63,102,133,168,192],"environmental":[64],"disturbances.":[65],"This":[66,81],"paper":[67],"presents":[68],"a":[69,84,90,142,148,169],"hybrid":[70],"model-based":[71],"soft":[73],"sensing":[74],"(HMTSS)":[75],"method":[76,82,207,217],"combines":[83],"thermal":[85],"conduction":[86],"model":[87,140,153,158,167,173,183],"(TCM)":[88],"data-driven":[91,117,139,182],"model.":[92,180],"The":[93,116,138,181,202,211],"TCM,":[94],"which":[95,119,147],"describes":[96],"relationship":[98],"between":[99],"temperatures":[104],"paste,":[107],"derived":[109],"from":[110,122],"principle":[112],"energy":[114],"conservation.":[115],"model,":[118],"built":[121],"extensive":[123],"experimental":[124],"data,":[125],"corrects":[126,174],"prediction":[128],"errors":[129,162,227],"TCM":[132],"thus":[134],"improves":[135],"accuracy.":[137,233],"follows":[141],"staged":[143],"modeling":[144],"approach":[145],"support":[149],"vector":[150],"regression":[151],"(SVR)":[152],"serves":[154],"as":[155],"base":[157,179],"address":[160],"heat":[165],"transfer":[166],"random":[170],"forest":[171],"(RF)":[172],"output":[176],"leverages":[184],"strong":[186],"generalization":[187],"capabilities":[188],"SVR":[191],"robustness":[194],"RF,":[197],"achieving":[198],"highly":[199],"accurate":[200],"predictions.":[201],"effectiveness":[203],"HMTSS":[206],"was":[208],"validated":[209],"experimentally.":[210],"results":[212],"demonstrated":[213],"that":[214],"proposed":[216],"predicts":[218],"paste":[225],"within":[228],"\u00b110\u00b0C,":[229],"indicating":[230],"relatively":[231],"high":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}