{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412375725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3586341","title":"Novel Method for Balancing Full Wheatstone Bridge for High-Tolerance Resistive Sensors","display_name":"Novel Method for Balancing Full Wheatstone Bridge for High-Tolerance Resistive Sensors","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412375725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3586341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3586341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3586341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/57f3675d-5af5-4262-8d7a-e47917e6efcd/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024027350","display_name":"Michela Borghetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-1790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michela Borghetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","Depeartment of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1641-1790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depeartment of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039880901","display_name":"\u00d3scar Casas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-0561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","display_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","ror":"https://ror.org/03mb6wj31","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar Casas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0077-0561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Universitat Polit&#x00E8;cnica de Catalunya, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073500668","display_name":"Emilio Sardini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-7316"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emilio Sardini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","Depeartment of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8629-7316","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depeartment of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035415675","display_name":"Mauro Serpelloni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6497-5876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79940851","display_name":"University of Brescia","ror":"https://ror.org/02q2d2610","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Serpelloni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","Depeartment of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6497-5876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Depeartment of Information Engineering, University of Brescia, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79940851"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3242,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92735435,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12564","display_name":"Sensor Technology and Measurement Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13251","display_name":"Electrical and Thermal Properties of Materials","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheatstone-bridge","display_name":"Wheatstone bridge","score":0.9379458427429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-touchscreen","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","score":0.7748613357543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","score":0.5195960402488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.46288323402404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.44341543316841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3934510350227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3102772831916809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.28809845447540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.13642162084579468}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104713690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245133","display_name":"Wheatstone bridge","level":4,"score":0.9379458427429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.7748613357543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100776233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2532492","display_name":"Bridge (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5195960402488708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46288323402404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.44341543316841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3934510350227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3102772831916809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.28809845447540283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.13642162084579468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3586341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3586341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/443383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/443383","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/57f3675d-5af5-4262-8d7a-e47917e6efcd/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unibs.it:11379/636767","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11379/636767","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400804","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Brescia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:upcommons.upc.edu:2117/443383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2117/443383","pdf_url":"https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstreams/57f3675d-5af5-4262-8d7a-e47917e6efcd/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196262","display_name":"UPCommons institutional repository (Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9617848","host_organization_name":"Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Catalunya","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9617848"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8817477589","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PID2020-116011RB-C21 (MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412375725.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4412375725.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970676909","https://openalex.org/W1979477713","https://openalex.org/W2046496162","https://openalex.org/W2060973817","https://openalex.org/W2088454272","https://openalex.org/W2108026296","https://openalex.org/W2159814905","https://openalex.org/W2213352975","https://openalex.org/W2288197132","https://openalex.org/W2550754365","https://openalex.org/W2572579898","https://openalex.org/W2919538329","https://openalex.org/W2938326470","https://openalex.org/W2967052580","https://openalex.org/W2990605655","https://openalex.org/W2996733999","https://openalex.org/W3080248049","https://openalex.org/W3081853614","https://openalex.org/W3113546541","https://openalex.org/W3163614806","https://openalex.org/W3174898767","https://openalex.org/W4205157817","https://openalex.org/W4220810513","https://openalex.org/W4285049464","https://openalex.org/W4313467285","https://openalex.org/W4376607487","https://openalex.org/W4382119371","https://openalex.org/W4382203251","https://openalex.org/W4384787260","https://openalex.org/W4391216001","https://openalex.org/W4400114224","https://openalex.org/W4400976208"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2898949140","https://openalex.org/W4246528569","https://openalex.org/W2076044579","https://openalex.org/W40195615","https://openalex.org/W2167159401","https://openalex.org/W2323653612","https://openalex.org/W2027103960","https://openalex.org/W2373207039","https://openalex.org/W1588153784"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wheatstone":[0],"bridge":[1],"(WB)":[2],"is":[3,192],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,18,25,31,75,230],"precision":[7],"measurements":[8],"involving":[9],"strain":[10],"gauges":[11],"and":[12,49,107,220],"resistive":[13,63],"sensors.":[14],"However,":[15],"maintaining":[16],"balance":[17],"a":[19,57,133,146,183],"full-bridge":[20],"configuration":[21],"becomes":[22],"increasingly":[23],"challenging":[24],"the":[26,71,76,102,117,129,161,166,176,179,195,198,207,215],"presence":[27,77],"of":[28,52,78,120,136,160,168,178,187,197,232],"high-resistance":[29],"tolerances\u2014especially":[30],"printed":[32],"electronics,":[33],"where":[34],"such":[35],"variations":[36],"are":[37],"common.":[38],"Traditional":[39],"compensation":[40],"methods":[41],"often":[42],"entail":[43],"increased":[44],"circuit":[45],"complexity,":[46],"added":[47],"cost,":[48],"additional":[50],"sources":[51],"error.":[53],"This":[54,226],"article":[55],"proposes":[56],"novel":[58],"balancing":[59],"technique":[60,131],"for":[61],"fully":[62],"WBs,":[64],"leveraging":[65],"two":[66],"voltage":[67,180],"References":[68],"to":[69,92,116,194],"cancel":[70],"output":[72,109,149,163],"offset":[73,150],"even":[74,110],"resistor":[79],"tolerances":[80],"exceeding":[81],"0.1%.":[82],"The":[83],"method":[84],"demonstrates":[85],"robust":[86],"performance":[87,167],"with":[88,111,145,210],"tolerance":[89],"levels":[90],"up":[91],"20%,":[93],"while":[94],"preserving":[95],"high":[96],"linearity.":[97],"Simulation":[98],"results":[99],"confirm":[100],"that":[101],"approach":[103],"achieves":[104],"balanced":[105,152],"operation":[106],"accurate":[108],"low-tolerance":[112],"resistors":[113,211],"(1%).":[114],"Relative":[115],"ideal":[118],"sensitivity":[119,135],"<inline-formula":[121,137],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[122,138],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[123,139],"<tex-math":[124,140],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$(V_{\\text":[125],"{CC}}-{V}_{\\text":[126,142],"{EE}})$":[127,143],"</tex-math></inline-formula>,":[128,144],"proposed":[130],"maintains":[132],"worst-case":[134],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.8~({V}_{\\text":[141],"theoretically":[147],"null":[148],"under":[151],"conditions.":[153],"Furthermore,":[154],"linearity":[155],"error":[156,191],"remains":[157,228],"below":[158],"0.5%":[159],"full-scale":[162],"(FSO),":[164],"matching":[165],"conventional":[169],"WB":[170],"circuits":[171],"affected":[172],"by":[173],"mismatch.":[174],"While":[175],"resolution":[177,196],"references":[181],"introduces":[182],"small,":[184],"predictable":[185],"offset\u2014independent":[186],"power":[188],"supply":[189],"variations\u2014this":[190],"limited":[193],"reference":[199],"itself.":[200],"Experimental":[201],"validation":[202],"using":[203],"benchtop":[204],"instrumentation":[205],"corroborates":[206],"simulation":[208],"findings:":[209],"exhibiting":[212],"10%":[213],"tolerance,":[214],"maximum":[216],"deviation":[217,227],"between":[218],"measured":[219],"theoretical":[221],"outputs":[222],"was":[223],"2.4":[224],"mV.":[225],"negligible":[229],"terms":[231],"estimating":[233],"fractional":[234],"resistance":[235],"changes.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
