{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411799472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3584141","title":"Small Distance Increment Method for Measuring Complex Permittivity With mmWave Radar","display_name":"Small Distance Increment Method for Measuring Complex Permittivity With mmWave Radar","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411799472","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3584141"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3584141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3584141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003862032","display_name":"Hang Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9805-4116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hang Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Semiconductor Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Semiconductor Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067249210","display_name":"H. Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5873-3561"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun Joon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109661011","display_name":"Mingxia Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3459-4752"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingxia Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101971516","display_name":"Bo Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-4920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163770644","display_name":"Okayama University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pc6pc55","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environmental, Life, Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163770644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078574228","display_name":"Takamaro Kikkawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-9734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takamaro Kikkawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Semiconductor Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Semiconductor Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025447890","display_name":"Jun\u2010ichi Takada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9108-3010"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Ichi Takada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Transdisciplinary Science and Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003862032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16970629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.945900022983551,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9186999797821045,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.6944103240966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6533141732215881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5295107364654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-measurement","display_name":"Distance measurement","score":0.4604495167732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-cross-section","display_name":"Radar cross-section","score":0.42896538972854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.40851062536239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3997132480144501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39609602093696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.35663044452667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2795460820198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.25171974301338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.22948342561721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21472033858299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.20762944221496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.20320889353752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11090418696403503}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.6944103240966797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6533141732215881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5295107364654541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986158284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Distance measurement","level":2,"score":0.4604495167732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101457746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q560430","display_name":"Radar cross-section","level":3,"score":0.42896538972854614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40851062536239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3997132480144501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39609602093696594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.35663044452667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2795460820198059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.25171974301338196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.22948342561721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21472033858299255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.20762944221496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.20320889353752136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11090418696403503}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3584141","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3584141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971341949","https://openalex.org/W2071467620","https://openalex.org/W2076198609","https://openalex.org/W2145850560","https://openalex.org/W2532268864","https://openalex.org/W2536385957","https://openalex.org/W2605984816","https://openalex.org/W2605988697","https://openalex.org/W2743394663","https://openalex.org/W2782544383","https://openalex.org/W2809241909","https://openalex.org/W2874356750","https://openalex.org/W2886663617","https://openalex.org/W2890952305","https://openalex.org/W2891915332","https://openalex.org/W2892671372","https://openalex.org/W3004122695","https://openalex.org/W3004490749","https://openalex.org/W3010426126","https://openalex.org/W3040807976","https://openalex.org/W3043379336","https://openalex.org/W3095789214","https://openalex.org/W3153762659","https://openalex.org/W3157431685","https://openalex.org/W3162778357","https://openalex.org/W3164159154","https://openalex.org/W3174504503","https://openalex.org/W3208108237","https://openalex.org/W3209843187","https://openalex.org/W3211425599","https://openalex.org/W4225716276","https://openalex.org/W4225896317","https://openalex.org/W4285331480","https://openalex.org/W4296705505","https://openalex.org/W4297094924","https://openalex.org/W4312541781","https://openalex.org/W4318624557","https://openalex.org/W4319761202","https://openalex.org/W4379409437","https://openalex.org/W4384637631","https://openalex.org/W6636672987","https://openalex.org/W6771942111"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165907643","https://openalex.org/W2068858291","https://openalex.org/W2022672394","https://openalex.org/W1997532743","https://openalex.org/W2158156095","https://openalex.org/W2087970663","https://openalex.org/W2077718091","https://openalex.org/W1825698535","https://openalex.org/W3168129058","https://openalex.org/W3094505422"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Measuring":[0],"the":[1,23,28,60,85,92,99,106,112,114,125,139,142,152,154,165,177,183,189,193,196,207,211,218],"complex":[2,86,143,155,198,219],"permittivity":[3,87,156,199,220],"of":[4,30,62,88,157,200,213,221],"material":[5,16,24,107],"is":[6,36,65,80,103,135,159,174,180],"essential":[7],"in":[8,15,45],"many":[9],"scenarios":[10],"such":[11,49],"as":[12,50,98],"quality":[13],"check":[14],"manufacturing.":[17],"Generally,":[18],"measurement":[19,57,178],"methods":[20,58],"for":[21,41,68,216],"characterizing":[22,217],"are":[25,96,127],"based":[26],"on":[27,188],"usage":[29],"a":[31,74,169],"vector":[32],"network":[33],"analyzer,":[34],"which":[35,64,102],"large":[37],"and":[38,94,118,124,147,163,176],"not":[39,66],"easy":[40],"on-site":[42],"measurement,":[43,113],"especially":[44],"high":[46],"frequency":[47],"range":[48],"millimeter":[51],"wave":[52],"(mmWave).":[53],"In":[54,71,90],"addition,":[55],"some":[56],"require":[59],"destruction":[61],"samples,":[63],"suitable":[67],"non-destructive":[69],"inspection.":[70],"this":[72],"work,":[73],"small":[75,122],"distance":[76,115,145],"increment":[77],"(SDI)":[78],"method":[79,215],"proposed":[81,166,194],"to":[82,137],"non-destructively":[83],"measure":[84],"material.":[89,222],"SDI,":[91],"transmitter":[93],"receiver":[95],"formed":[97],"monostatic":[100],"radar,":[101],"facing":[104],"towards":[105],"under":[108],"test":[109],"(MUT).":[110],"During":[111],"between":[116],"radar":[117,173],"MUT":[119,158],"changes":[120],"with":[121,206],"increments":[123],"signals":[126],"recorded":[128],"at":[129],"each":[130],"position.":[131],"A":[132],"mathematical":[133],"model":[134],"formulated":[136],"depict":[138],"relationship":[140],"among":[141],"permittivity,":[144],"increment,":[146],"measured":[148],"signals.":[149],"By":[150],"fitting":[151],"model,":[153],"estimated.":[160],"To":[161],"implement":[162],"evaluate":[164],"SDI":[167,214],"method,":[168,195],"commercial":[170],"off-the-shelf":[171],"mmWave":[172],"utilized":[175],"system":[179],"developed.":[181],"Then,":[182],"evaluation":[184],"was":[185],"carried":[186],"out":[187],"acrylic":[190,201],"plate.":[191],"With":[192],"estimated":[197],"plate":[202],"shows":[203],"good":[204],"agreement":[205],"literature":[208],"values,":[209],"demonstrating":[210],"efficacy":[212]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
