{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412081937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3581666","title":"An Incremental Learning Framework for Mechanical Fault Diagnosis With Bi-Level Multiscale Convolutional Attention","display_name":"An Incremental Learning Framework for Mechanical Fault Diagnosis With Bi-Level Multiscale Convolutional Attention","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412081937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3581666"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3581666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3581666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022365706","display_name":"Zhen Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2960-8071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, People&#x2019;s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2960-8071","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, People&#x2019;s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008578950","display_name":"Zhenbao Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-275X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenbao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, People&#x2019;s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-275X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, People&#x2019;s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109713576","display_name":"Guoyu Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148099405","display_name":"Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04v2j2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoyu Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi&#x2019;an, People&#x2019;s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9598-6443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi&#x2019;an, People&#x2019;s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148099405"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106508849","display_name":"Kai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4324-7085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, People&#x2019;s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4324-7085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, People&#x2019;s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076922237","display_name":"Chi\u2010Man Vong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-8279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Man Vong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macau, China","Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7997-8279","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Zhuhai, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5387,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93494905,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6174963712692261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.5896990299224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49353349208831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.48001188039779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.4500836730003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4200637638568878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3896681070327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1339983344078064}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6174963712692261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.5896990299224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49353349208831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.48001188039779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.4500836730003357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4200637638568878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3896681070327759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1339983344078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3581666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3581666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1228830882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2433208","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1294353012","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024M764258","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4511849194","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JC-YBQN-0521","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316335","funder_display_name":"Shanghai Key Basic Research Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316335","display_name":"Shanghai Key Basic Research Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2902332709","https://openalex.org/W2902985761","https://openalex.org/W2910029951","https://openalex.org/W2954929116","https://openalex.org/W2964189064","https://openalex.org/W2975932043","https://openalex.org/W3034856281","https://openalex.org/W3034942609","https://openalex.org/W3048957103","https://openalex.org/W3083676672","https://openalex.org/W3092600489","https://openalex.org/W3097436317","https://openalex.org/W3107810305","https://openalex.org/W3128453436","https://openalex.org/W3129331061","https://openalex.org/W3150282857","https://openalex.org/W3180392831","https://openalex.org/W3196119092","https://openalex.org/W3196420684","https://openalex.org/W4285900042","https://openalex.org/W4313051962","https://openalex.org/W4365128558","https://openalex.org/W4379034049","https://openalex.org/W4385834060","https://openalex.org/W4387146070","https://openalex.org/W4390493961","https://openalex.org/W4392016375","https://openalex.org/W4392672408","https://openalex.org/W4395957206","https://openalex.org/W4399728429","https://openalex.org/W4403446778"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W86946229","https://openalex.org/W3009843762","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W2054360660","https://openalex.org/W1998491546","https://openalex.org/W2913439950","https://openalex.org/W3097589262","https://openalex.org/W2127402788","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W2621186724"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fault":[0],"diagnosis":[1,39],"for":[2,7,98],"rotating":[3],"machinery":[4],"is":[5,87,108,131],"important":[6],"optimizing":[8],"productivity":[9],"and":[10,37,80,92,120,140,189,202],"enhancing":[11],"safety.":[12],"However,":[13],"in":[14,45,117],"practical":[15],"engineering,":[16],"data-driven":[17],"methods":[18],"are":[19,75,157],"not":[20],"only":[21],"challenged":[22],"by":[23,133],"the":[24,94,125,129,134,141,144,150,154,173,184,190,196],"problem":[25],"of":[26,40,114,128,143,153,163,176,186,199],"insufficient":[27,203],"fault":[28,43],"data,":[29],"but":[30],"also":[31],"often":[32],"cannot":[33],"achieve":[34,111],"continuous":[35,58],"learning":[36,61,192],"online":[38],"newly":[41],"emerging":[42],"types":[44],"constantly":[46],"changing":[47],"operating":[48],"environments.":[49],"To":[50],"address":[51],"these":[52],"issues,":[53],"this":[54,177],"paper":[55],"proposed":[56,109],"a":[57,81,101],"few-shot":[59],"incremental":[60,191],"method":[62,178],"based":[63,166],"on":[64,167],"bi-level":[65],"multi-scale":[66],"convolutional":[67,105],"attention":[68,106,115],"mechanism.":[69],"Firstly,":[70],"infrared":[71,168],"thermal":[72,169],"imaging":[73,170],"data":[74,165],"used":[76],"as":[77,147,149],"input":[78],"signals,":[79],"variational":[82],"encoder":[83],"synthesis":[84],"replay":[85],"bank":[86],"constructed":[88],"to":[89,110],"automatically":[90],"replenish":[91],"retain":[93],"most":[95],"representative":[96],"samples":[97,146,156],"re-learning.":[99],"Next,":[100],"cross-channel":[102],"dynamic":[103,112],"spatial":[104,121],"mechanism":[107],"allocation":[113],"weights":[116,142],"both":[118],"channel":[119],"feature":[122],"dimensions.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"update":[126],"scale":[127],"model":[130],"constrained":[132],"designed":[135],"focus-knowledge":[136],"distillation":[137],"loss":[138,151],"function,":[139],"small":[145,187],"well":[148],"contribution":[152],"hard-to-categorise":[155],"dynamically":[158],"adjusted.":[159],"The":[160],"experimental":[161],"results":[162],"bearing":[164],"show":[171],"that":[172],"diagnostic":[174],"accuracy":[175],"can":[179],"still":[180],"reach":[181],"96.68%":[182],"under":[183],"condition":[185],"samples,":[188],"strategy":[193],"effectively":[194],"alleviates":[195],"negative":[197],"effects":[198],"catastrophic":[200],"forgetting":[201],"samples.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
