{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411408530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3580846","title":"Simultaneous Measurement of Distributions of Temperature, Soot, CO<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O Concentrations for an Axisymmetric Ethylene Laminar Flame in O<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> Atmosphere","display_name":"Simultaneous Measurement of Distributions of Temperature, Soot, CO<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>O Concentrations for an Axisymmetric Ethylene Laminar Flame in O<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub> Atmosphere","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411408530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3580846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3580846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3580846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013218119","display_name":"J.X. Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiazhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of MOE, School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of MOE, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, PR China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of MOE, School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of MOE, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101050634","display_name":"Lu Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098421","display_name":"Beijing Agricultural Machinery Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/010znyz59","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098421"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Machinery Engineering Corporation, Beijing, China","China Machinery Engineering Corporation, Beijing, PR China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Machinery Engineering Corporation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098421"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Machinery Engineering Corporation, Beijing, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098421"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015372006","display_name":"Huawei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9152-5838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huawei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of MOE, School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of MOE, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, PR China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of MOE, School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of MOE, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013218119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7171,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68925345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11111","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Laser Applications","score":0.9876000285148621,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12852","display_name":"Chemical Thermodynamics and Molecular Structure","score":0.9739999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6076586246490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laminar-flow","display_name":"Laminar flow","score":0.59847491979599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.5362635850906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.5244160890579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soot","display_name":"Soot","score":0.49388009309768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethylene","display_name":"Ethylene","score":0.4901881814002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combustion","display_name":"Combustion","score":0.4016875624656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.21283727884292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.20965859293937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.20225143432617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-chemistry","display_name":"Physical chemistry","score":0.1796564757823944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-chemistry","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","score":0.09902492165565491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6076586246490479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189452","display_name":"Laminar flow","level":2,"score":0.59847491979599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.5362635850906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.5244160890579224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775925408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13174856","display_name":"Soot","level":3,"score":0.49388009309768677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778597550","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q151313","display_name":"Ethylene","level":3,"score":0.4901881814002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105923489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235","display_name":"Combustion","level":2,"score":0.4016875624656677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.21283727884292603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.20965859293937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20225143432617188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.1796564757823944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.09902492165565491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3580846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3580846","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3068243480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52106219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6874433543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WDZC6142703202412","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8763876078","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51827808","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966281189","https://openalex.org/W1980344828","https://openalex.org/W1993375563","https://openalex.org/W1993477412","https://openalex.org/W1995097854","https://openalex.org/W2008183064","https://openalex.org/W2010121068","https://openalex.org/W2027045449","https://openalex.org/W2030081914","https://openalex.org/W2036633888","https://openalex.org/W2042222668","https://openalex.org/W2050714490","https://openalex.org/W2067041650","https://openalex.org/W2071147773","https://openalex.org/W2072923582","https://openalex.org/W2076861934","https://openalex.org/W2095662754","https://openalex.org/W2097903088","https://openalex.org/W2125085163","https://openalex.org/W2165272531","https://openalex.org/W2170934473","https://openalex.org/W2171641626","https://openalex.org/W2312816343","https://openalex.org/W2466539993","https://openalex.org/W2558404222","https://openalex.org/W2560376370","https://openalex.org/W2567698052","https://openalex.org/W2584660250","https://openalex.org/W2752296390","https://openalex.org/W2790328936","https://openalex.org/W2809128857","https://openalex.org/W2866964809","https://openalex.org/W2972498299","https://openalex.org/W3016101739","https://openalex.org/W3045034097","https://openalex.org/W3115377526","https://openalex.org/W3185686854","https://openalex.org/W3197410264","https://openalex.org/W4200427208","https://openalex.org/W4220720100","https://openalex.org/W4225146994","https://openalex.org/W4318825177","https://openalex.org/W4383500835","https://openalex.org/W4383812859","https://openalex.org/W4390349593","https://openalex.org/W4391257786","https://openalex.org/W4398231391"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007105342","https://openalex.org/W820652005","https://openalex.org/W2053054623","https://openalex.org/W2019127932","https://openalex.org/W2771822283","https://openalex.org/W2021733045","https://openalex.org/W4205938170","https://openalex.org/W1994888433","https://openalex.org/W346452325","https://openalex.org/W2026008721"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"measurements":[1],"of":[2,37,118,127,133,164,175,213,233,242,248],"temperature,":[3,38,151],"soot":[4,70,143,156,214,239],"volume":[5,71,144,215,240],"fraction,":[6,216],"and":[7,40,69,79,92,103,142,152,179,220,245,252,258],"multiple":[8,41],"gas-phase":[9,42,119,128,167],"component":[10,43,120,168],"concentrations":[11,121,129,169,183,224,247],"are":[12,122,135],"essential":[13],"for":[14,33],"enhancing":[15],"combustion":[16,134],"mechanisms.":[17],"However,":[18],"no":[19],"method":[20,32],"exists":[21],"to":[22,66,184],"measure":[23],"these":[24,189],"parameters":[25],"simultaneously.":[26],"Therefore,":[27],"this":[28],"study":[29],"proposes":[30],"a":[31,61,75,80,86,162,192,230,237],"the":[34,93,108,116,131,139,173,211],"simultaneous":[35],"measurement":[36,83],"soot,":[39],"distributions":[44,73,117,126,212],"in":[45,130,191,200],"axisymmetric":[46,196],"ethylene":[47,197],"laminar":[48,198],"diffusion":[49],"flames":[50],"by":[51,187],"combining":[52],"emission-based":[53],"tomography":[54],"with":[55,210,236],"large":[56],"lateral":[57],"shearing":[58],"interferometry.":[59],"Firstly,":[60],"hyperspectral":[62],"camera":[63,88],"is":[64,97,170,207],"used":[65],"obtain":[67],"temperature":[68,82,110,141,232],"fraction":[72,145,241],"through":[74,99],"radiative":[76],"transfer":[77],"model":[78],"multi-wavelength":[81],"algorithm.":[84],"Simultaneously,":[85],"CCD":[87],"records":[89],"interference":[90],"fringes,":[91],"spatial":[94,160],"phase":[95],"distribution":[96,174],"extracted":[98],"image":[100],"processing":[101],"techniques":[102],"Abel":[104],"inverse":[105],"transformation.":[106],"Using":[107],"acquired":[109],"distribution,":[111],"correction":[112],"coefficients":[113],"that":[114],"represent":[115],"computed.":[123],"Subsequently,":[124],"preliminary":[125],"absence":[132],"derived":[136],"based":[137],"on":[138],"determined":[140,186],"distributions,":[146],"considering":[147],"flow,":[148],"heat":[149],"transfer,":[150],"C2H4":[153],"consumption":[154],"during":[155],"formation.":[157],"For":[158],"each":[159],"point,":[161],"set":[163],"equations":[165,190],"representing":[166],"established,":[171],"allowing":[172],"CO<sub":[176,203,217,249],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[177,181,204,218,222,250,254],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>":[178,205,251],"H<sub":[180,221,253],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>O":[182,223,255],"be":[185],"solving":[188],"stepwise":[193],"manner.":[194],"An":[195],"flame":[199],"an":[201],"oxygen-enriched":[202],"atmosphere":[206],"experimentally":[208],"analyzed,":[209],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sub>,":[219],"verified":[225],"independently.The":[226],"analyzed":[227],"flame,":[228],"attains":[229],"maximum":[231],"2231":[234],"K,":[235],"peak":[238,246],"13":[243],"ppm,":[244],"at":[256],"0.71":[257],"0.28,":[259],"respectively.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}