{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411019775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3576000","title":"Pattern Consistency Learning-Enabled Nonintrusive Load Monitoring Considering Limited Appliance Annotations","display_name":"Pattern Consistency Learning-Enabled Nonintrusive Load Monitoring Considering Limited Appliance Annotations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411019775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3576000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3576000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3576000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082349741","display_name":"Xinwu Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinwu Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3100-7379","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiaxiang Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2874-0054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxiang Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2874-0054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082636856","display_name":"Weihao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-7289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-7289","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773238","display_name":"Di Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-2888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-2888","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076114295","display_name":"Jianjun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-6799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianjun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-6799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062475345","display_name":"Zhenyuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3356-0111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3356-0111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457678","display_name":"Zhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-4481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2919-4481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039395705","display_name":"Frede Blaabjerg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-7412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","display_name":"Aalborg University","ror":"https://ror.org/04m5j1k67","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frede Blaabjerg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8311-7412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63452728,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.949999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6146542429924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6087605357170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3661261796951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.35620781779289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3233312964439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23940283060073853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6146542429924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6087605357170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3661261796951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.35620781779289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3233312964439392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23940283060073853}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3576000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3576000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/5e45dc3e-199b-48aa-998b-274e7ff21431","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/5e45dc3e-199b-48aa-998b-274e7ff21431","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401731","display_name":"VBN Forskningsportal (Aalborg Universitet)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I891191580","host_organization_name":"Aalborg University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I891191580"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sun, X, Hu, J, Hu, W, Cao, D, Chen, J, Zhang, Z, Chen, Z & Blaabjerg, F 2025, 'Pattern Consistency Learning-enabled Non-intrusive Load Monitoring Considering Limited Appliance Annotations', IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol. 74, 11024159. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2025.3576000","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965555277","https://openalex.org/W1994682479","https://openalex.org/W1996944908","https://openalex.org/W2097481773","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2342835739","https://openalex.org/W2418133265","https://openalex.org/W2559280146","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2765525403","https://openalex.org/W2777525419","https://openalex.org/W2909680570","https://openalex.org/W2942281146","https://openalex.org/W2984666782","https://openalex.org/W2984698916","https://openalex.org/W2990083057","https://openalex.org/W3095472304","https://openalex.org/W3095777295","https://openalex.org/W3175005398","https://openalex.org/W3204140421","https://openalex.org/W3204215099","https://openalex.org/W4205552909","https://openalex.org/W4226154542","https://openalex.org/W4309028162","https://openalex.org/W4312507675","https://openalex.org/W4321488291","https://openalex.org/W4322576854","https://openalex.org/W4362587804","https://openalex.org/W4367663518","https://openalex.org/W4378697343","https://openalex.org/W4386076461","https://openalex.org/W4391296971","https://openalex.org/W4393105100","https://openalex.org/W4406794468","https://openalex.org/W6640036494","https://openalex.org/W6677258307","https://openalex.org/W6756830161","https://openalex.org/W6780353226"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"learning":[1,26],"(DL)-based":[2],"non-intrusive":[3],"load":[4,134],"monitoring":[5,71],"(NILM)":[6],"methods":[7,28],"face":[8],"significant":[9],"challenges":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,33,81,111,127,176],"the":[13,108,129,143,150,153],"high":[14],"cost":[15],"of":[16,116,132,152],"acquiring":[17],"appliance":[18,163],"annotations":[19],"as":[20,165,167],"training":[21,77],"labels.":[22],"While":[23],"existing":[24,177],"semi-supervised":[25],"(SSL)":[27],"leverage":[29],"low-cost":[30],"unlabeled":[31,41,65,90,96],"data":[32,42,66,97],"enhance":[34],"performance,":[35],"they":[36],"typically":[37],"depend":[38],"on":[39,63],"high-quality":[40],"and":[43,89,98],"involve":[44],"complex":[45],"operation":[46],"processes.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49],"them,":[50],"this":[51],"article":[52],"proposes":[53],"a":[54,74,83,120,171],"pattern":[55],"consistency":[56],"learning-enabled":[57],"SSL":[58,145],"method":[59,110,155],"that":[60],"reduces":[61],"reliance":[62],"strict":[64],"requirements":[67],"while":[68],"delivering":[69],"superior":[70],"performance.":[72],"Specifically,":[73],"tailored":[75],"collaborative":[76],"manner":[78],"is":[79,125],"developed":[80],"train":[82],"single":[84],"network":[85],"using":[86],"both":[87],"labeled":[88,104],"data,":[91],"leveraging":[92],"structure":[93],"characteristics":[94],"from":[95,103],"simultaneously":[99],"capturing":[100],"task-specific":[101],"patterns":[102,115],"data.":[105],"This":[106],"enables":[107],"proposed":[109,154],"learn":[112],"essential":[113],"general":[114],"aggregated":[117,133],"load.":[118],"Meanwhile,":[119],"Multi-head":[121],"Partitioned":[122],"Convolutional":[123],"Network":[124],"designed":[126,144],"extract":[128],"key":[130],"features":[131],"through":[135],"multi-view":[136],"temporality":[137],"mixture,":[138],"facilitating":[139],"high-precision":[140],"predictions":[141],"within":[142],"framework.":[146],"Comprehensive":[147],"results":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"superiority":[151],"in":[156,159],"NILM,":[157],"particularly":[158],"scenarios":[160],"with":[161,170],"limited":[162],"annotations,":[164],"well":[166],"its":[168],"efficiency":[169],"reduced":[172],"computational":[173],"burden":[174],"compared":[175],"SSL-based":[178],"methods.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}