{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410950147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3575972","title":"Broadband Complex Permittivity Determination of Thin Material Using Open-Ended Coaxial Probe and an Integrated GA\u2013HFSS Computational Method","display_name":"Broadband Complex Permittivity Determination of Thin Material Using Open-Ended Coaxial Probe and an Integrated GA\u2013HFSS Computational Method","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410950147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3575972"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3575972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3575972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068994813","display_name":"Jill S. K. Nakatsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jill S. K. Nakatsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu Hawaii, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4891-547X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu Hawaii, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035336170","display_name":"Sunny S. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9987-975X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunny Shuxuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu Hawaii, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9987-975X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu Hawaii, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038128458","display_name":"Magdy F. Iskander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3585-6813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdy F. Iskander","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu Hawaii, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3585-6813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu Hawaii, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023330044","display_name":"Zhengqing Yun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4246-0454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1331384533","display_name":"University of Hawaii System","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzaeb71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengqing Yun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu Hawaii, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4246-0454","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1331384533"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hawaii Advanced Wireless Technologies Institute, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu Hawaii, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0704,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77759603,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9775000214576721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9301999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hfss","display_name":"HFSS","score":0.9104118943214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadband","display_name":"Broadband","score":0.7692850828170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permittivity","display_name":"Permittivity","score":0.7213377952575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5947829484939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coaxial","display_name":"Coaxial","score":0.5174520611763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.474069744348526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.45487651228904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-permittivity","display_name":"Relative permittivity","score":0.43012094497680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32736438512802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.28798484802246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2809330224990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22733548283576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1901315152645111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1889823079109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microstrip-antenna","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","score":0.18090641498565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.07723650336265564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776844852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106872782","display_name":"HFSS","level":4,"score":0.9104118943214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.7692850828170776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168651791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211569","display_name":"Permittivity","level":3,"score":0.7213377952575684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5947829484939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51221625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751466","display_name":"Coaxial","level":2,"score":0.5174520611763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.474069744348526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.45487651228904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13760523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4027242","display_name":"Relative permittivity","level":4,"score":0.43012094497680664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32736438512802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.28798484802246094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2809330224990845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22733548283576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1901315152645111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1889823079109192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170349913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13402882","display_name":"Microstrip antenna","level":3,"score":0.18090641498565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.07723650336265564}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3575972","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3575972","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1531921890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1822213","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974870734","https://openalex.org/W2012091318","https://openalex.org/W2034222855","https://openalex.org/W2035116331","https://openalex.org/W2050849334","https://openalex.org/W2080279718","https://openalex.org/W2087616773","https://openalex.org/W2103206014","https://openalex.org/W2111221652","https://openalex.org/W2119351449","https://openalex.org/W2121793252","https://openalex.org/W2130549392","https://openalex.org/W2139274121","https://openalex.org/W2159352152","https://openalex.org/W2515078649","https://openalex.org/W2555459334","https://openalex.org/W2907233304","https://openalex.org/W3104499636","https://openalex.org/W3209120215","https://openalex.org/W4312751190","https://openalex.org/W4321020608","https://openalex.org/W4386352788"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107320019","https://openalex.org/W4391114742","https://openalex.org/W2905363763","https://openalex.org/W3091232865","https://openalex.org/W2313079490","https://openalex.org/W2333849723","https://openalex.org/W4238822153","https://openalex.org/W2600143927","https://openalex.org/W2521355531","https://openalex.org/W2802026276"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"an":[5,53],"innovative":[6],"approach":[7],"for":[8,15],"a":[9,39,63,117,160],"simple,":[10],"nondestructive":[11],"and":[12,62,88,94,97,108,143,211],"accurate":[13,213],"method":[14],"broadband":[16],"determination":[17,45],"of":[18,21,46,99,159,192],"complex":[19,47,126,175],"permittivity":[20,48,127,176],"thin":[22,84],"materials":[23,141],"including":[24,142],"those":[25],"often":[26],"used":[27,122],"in":[28,80,174,178],"patterning":[29],"advanced":[30],"metamaterial":[31],"absorbers.":[32],"While":[33],"the":[34,44,76,83,106,112,125,132,153,157,166,179,188,201],"measurement":[35],"procedure":[36,55],"involves":[37],"using":[38,152],"simple":[40],"coaxial":[41,77,161],"probe":[42,78,107,202],"method,":[43],"values":[49,128,177],"is":[50],"based":[51,67],"on":[52,138],"iterative":[54],"involving":[56],"High":[57],"Frequency":[58],"Structure":[59],"Simulation":[60],"(HFSS)":[61],"Genetic":[64],"Algorithm":[65],"(GA)":[66],"zero":[68],"finding":[69],"technique.":[70],"The":[71],"HFSS":[72],"simulations":[73],"include":[74],"modeling":[75],"when":[79,89,148],"contact":[81],"with":[82,150],"material":[85,93,109],"under":[86],"test":[87],"backed":[90],"by":[91],"standard":[92,140],"ground":[95],"plane,":[96],"calculation":[98],"de-embedded":[100],"reflection":[101],"coefficient":[102],"values,":[103],"S11,":[104],"at":[105,156,200],"interface.":[110],"Through":[111],"developed":[113],"GA-HFSS":[114],"software":[115],"interface,":[116],"GA":[118],"fitness":[119],"function":[120],"was":[121],"to":[123,185,197,207],"determine":[124],"that":[129],"best":[130],"fit":[131],"measured":[133],"S-parameters.":[134],"Measurements":[135],"were":[136,146,170],"made":[137],"several":[139],"obtained":[144],"results":[145],"validated":[147],"compared":[149],"measurements":[151,168,210],"shunt":[154],"capacitance":[155],"end":[158],"line":[162],"method.":[163],"Results":[164],"from":[165,182],"two":[167],"methods":[169],"within":[171],"1-2%":[172],"difference":[173],"frequency":[180],"band":[181,191],"500":[183],"MHz":[184],"15":[186],"GHz,":[187],"compact":[189],"radar":[190],"interest.":[193],"Measurement":[194],"errors":[195],"due":[196],"air":[198],"gaps":[199],"sample":[203],"interface":[204],"are":[205],"analyzed":[206],"help":[208],"guide":[209],"achieve":[212],"results.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}