{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410359303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3569892","title":"Wide Range and Tunable Pulse Generator in CMOS 45-nm Technology for Pulse Radar Array","display_name":"Wide Range and Tunable Pulse Generator in CMOS 45-nm Technology for Pulse Radar Array","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410359303","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3569892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3569892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3569892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075081674","display_name":"Muhammad Fakhri Mauludin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5183-3020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145808223","display_name":"Hanbat National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x514t95","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145808223"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Fakhri Mauludin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5183-3020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145808223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062349328","display_name":"Jang\u2010Hong Choi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Janghong Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI SoC Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2239-6492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI SoC Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035053770","display_name":"Youngseok Baek","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngseok Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI SoC Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1915-8552","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI SoC Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101881797","display_name":"Dong\u2010Woo Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-3253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Woo Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI SoC Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-3253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI SoC Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013082844","display_name":"Bontae Koo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6255-7272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bontae Koo","raw_affiliation_strings":["AI SoC Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6255-7272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AI SoC Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077645312","display_name":"Jusung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3501-5910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145808223","display_name":"Hanbat National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x514t95","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145808223"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jusung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3501-5910","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145808223"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47627837,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12495","display_name":"Electrostatic Discharge in Electronics","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.657437264919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-generator","display_name":"Pulse generator","score":0.6128974556922913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.5485981702804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5455706119537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.48709559440612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.45786598324775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.45318126678466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4510948359966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.43073561787605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.363537460565567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2658112347126007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.23505693674087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23494359850883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.206705242395401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18764382600784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11699914932250977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.657437264919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51319974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509564","display_name":"Pulse generator","level":3,"score":0.6128974556922913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.5485981702804565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5455706119537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.48709559440612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.45786598324775696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.45318126678466797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4510948359966278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.43073561787605286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.363537460565567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2658112347126007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.23505693674087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23494359850883484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.206705242395401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18764382600784302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11699914932250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3569892","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3569892","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1501204643","https://openalex.org/W1921205003","https://openalex.org/W1974079215","https://openalex.org/W2009945175","https://openalex.org/W2052293768","https://openalex.org/W2056511318","https://openalex.org/W2074595116","https://openalex.org/W2081669014","https://openalex.org/W2105655650","https://openalex.org/W2116519042","https://openalex.org/W2131251524","https://openalex.org/W2133806780","https://openalex.org/W2159792414","https://openalex.org/W2248942836","https://openalex.org/W2559183057","https://openalex.org/W2583032843","https://openalex.org/W2889165723","https://openalex.org/W2894064326","https://openalex.org/W2921630852","https://openalex.org/W3008153497","https://openalex.org/W3026810542","https://openalex.org/W3038122906","https://openalex.org/W3112063752","https://openalex.org/W3121204563","https://openalex.org/W3121281254","https://openalex.org/W3135035774","https://openalex.org/W3163005041","https://openalex.org/W3164852851","https://openalex.org/W3165875628","https://openalex.org/W3186168929","https://openalex.org/W3191294546","https://openalex.org/W4225884094","https://openalex.org/W4285278044","https://openalex.org/W4289535814","https://openalex.org/W4294643381","https://openalex.org/W4360605849","https://openalex.org/W4390493969","https://openalex.org/W4393185876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2804445880","https://openalex.org/W1576709211","https://openalex.org/W2569389222","https://openalex.org/W2104897498","https://openalex.org/W2320050414","https://openalex.org/W2013730419","https://openalex.org/W2399945334","https://openalex.org/W2533033376","https://openalex.org/W2481061871","https://openalex.org/W2188778780"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"multi-input":[1],"multi-output":[2],"(MIMO)":[3],"pulse":[4,8,31,35,41,94,144],"radar":[5,36],"systems,":[6],"precise":[7],"generation":[9],"is":[10],"critical":[11],"for":[12,33],"achieving":[13],"high":[14],"measurement":[15],"resolution":[16],"and":[17,22,50,62,84],"detection":[18],"accuracy":[19],"in":[20],"imaging":[21],"monitoring":[23],"applications.":[24],"This":[25],"work":[26],"presents":[27],"a":[28,45,51,58,101,109,135],"wide-range,":[29],"tunable":[30],"generator":[32],"the":[34,67,77,92,105,142],"array":[37],"system.":[38],"The":[39,120],"proposed":[40,121],"generator,":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44,141],"high-efficiency":[46],"delay-locked":[47],"loop":[48],"(DLL)":[49],"high-precision":[52],"NOR-based":[53],"edge":[54],"combination":[55],"scheme,":[56],"offers":[57],"broad":[59],"pulse-tuning":[60],"range":[61,112],"minimal":[63],"pulse-width":[64],"error.":[65],"Specifically,":[66],"DLL":[68],"generates":[69],"41":[70],"anti-phased":[71],"outputs,":[72],"which":[73],"are":[74],"processed":[75],"by":[76],"NOR":[78],"gate":[79],"with":[80],"appropriate":[81],"delay":[82],"time":[83],"equal":[85],"loading":[86],"effects.":[87],"A":[88],"transmission-gate-based":[89],"multiplexer":[90],"selects":[91],"desired":[93],"without":[95],"introducing":[96],"systematic":[97],"mismatch.":[98],"Operating":[99],"at":[100],"50-MHz":[102],"reference":[103],"frequency,":[104],"prototype":[106],"circuit":[107,122],"achieves":[108],"wide":[110],"tuning":[111],"from":[113,134],"142":[114],"ps":[115,129],"to":[116],"7.04":[117],"ns":[118],"(4957%).":[119],"demonstrates":[123],"an":[124],"rms":[125],"jitter":[126],"of":[127],"6":[128],"while":[130],"consuming":[131],"2.8\u20133.2":[132],"mW":[133],"1":[136],"V":[137],"power":[138],"supply,":[139],"depending":[140],"selected":[143],"width.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}