{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409641875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3563010","title":"Mixed CNN and Transformer for Specific Emitter Identification","display_name":"Mixed CNN and Transformer for Specific Emitter Identification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409641875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3563010"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3563010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3563010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069438340","display_name":"Mingsheng Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-0951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102345215","display_name":"Xihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwtvf26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingsheng Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China","School of Computer and Software Engineering, XiHua University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8714-0951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, XiHua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089779692","display_name":"Mingming Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-5441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102345215","display_name":"Xihua University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gwtvf26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingming Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China","School of Computer and Software Engineering, XiHua University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-5441","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Software Engineering, XiHua University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102345215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuan Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7086-1554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7086-1554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chuanan Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9987-3788"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139481","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04323m874","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210139481"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuanan Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["West Center of SRTC (RadioSky(Sichuan)Technology Company Ltd.), Chengdu, Sichuan, China","West Center of SRTC (RadioSky(Sichuan)Technology Co., Ltd), Chengdu, SiChuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9987-3788","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Center of SRTC (RadioSky(Sichuan)Technology Company Ltd.), Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139481"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"West Center of SRTC (RadioSky(Sichuan)Technology Co., Ltd), Chengdu, SiChuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082644567","display_name":"Xiao Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130112","display_name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038dte259","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156995","display_name":"Sichuan Academy Of Social Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04nffa559","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156995"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chengyu Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","ChengYu Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Chengdu, SiChuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2037-2184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chengyu Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112","https://openalex.org/I4210156995"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ChengYu Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Chengdu, SiChuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8254,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96847151,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5173184871673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4589439928531647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4575596749782562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-emitter","display_name":"Common emitter","score":0.4456360340118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.42297637462615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4169779419898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.31489717960357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.309248149394989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5173184871673584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4589439928531647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4575596749782562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46918542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648344","display_name":"Common emitter","level":2,"score":0.4456360340118408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42297637462615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4169779419898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.31489717960357666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.309248149394989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3563010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3563010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2008056655","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2157331557","https://openalex.org/W2604847698","https://openalex.org/W2744663997","https://openalex.org/W2791256362","https://openalex.org/W2795257254","https://openalex.org/W2891054065","https://openalex.org/W2903139904","https://openalex.org/W2943484928","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2977498438","https://openalex.org/W2996730556","https://openalex.org/W3014464412","https://openalex.org/W3023365694","https://openalex.org/W3026999846","https://openalex.org/W3036818015","https://openalex.org/W3036914207","https://openalex.org/W3088786531","https://openalex.org/W3092863397","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3106557886","https://openalex.org/W3128762715","https://openalex.org/W3138656191","https://openalex.org/W3170485195","https://openalex.org/W4285171423","https://openalex.org/W4308655556","https://openalex.org/W4319069155","https://openalex.org/W4320002904","https://openalex.org/W4390187673","https://openalex.org/W4390787945","https://openalex.org/W4391431789","https://openalex.org/W4391576498","https://openalex.org/W4392823654","https://openalex.org/W4393260295","https://openalex.org/W4394693211","https://openalex.org/W4394994925","https://openalex.org/W4396762706","https://openalex.org/W4400579903","https://openalex.org/W4400762160","https://openalex.org/W4406696567","https://openalex.org/W6638966615","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6907018138"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W963760361","https://openalex.org/W2790856699","https://openalex.org/W1545597883","https://openalex.org/W2606779610","https://openalex.org/W2168136726","https://openalex.org/W2161807425","https://openalex.org/W2363778638","https://openalex.org/W71732713","https://openalex.org/W2618864341","https://openalex.org/W1533881877"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Specific":[0],"Emitter":[1],"Identification":[2],"(SEI)":[3],"is":[4,130,156],"a":[5,25,95,106,120,138],"vital":[6],"technique":[7],"in":[8,137,148,151],"radio":[9],"sensing":[10],"for":[11,46],"identifying":[12],"forged":[13],"communication":[14],"nodes":[15],"and":[16,85],"illegal":[17],"base":[18],"stations.":[19],"In":[20,94,117],"this":[21],"study,":[22],"we":[23,40,69],"propose":[24],"mixed":[26],"CNN-Transformer":[27],"model":[28,104],"that":[29],"achieves":[30,105],"state-of-the-art":[31],"performance":[32,147],"on":[33],"datasets":[34],"collected":[35,98],"from":[36,99],"real-world":[37],"environments.":[38,153],"First,":[39],"utilize":[41],"large":[42],"kernel":[43],"expansion":[44],"convolution":[45],"direct":[47],"modeling":[48],"of":[49,60,110,122,141],"long":[50],"time-series":[51],"IQ":[52],"data":[53,127],"to":[54,89,132],"avoid":[55],"destroying":[56],"the":[57,71,76],"feature":[58,92],"distribution":[59],"tiny":[61],"RF":[62],"damage":[63],"by":[64,75],"traditional":[65],"hand-designed":[66],"algorithms.":[67],"Second,":[68],"design":[70],"Transformer":[72,78],"module":[73],"inspired":[74],"Visual":[77],"(ViT)":[79],"architecture,":[80],"which":[81],"combines":[82],"class":[83],"labeling":[84],"absolute":[86],"position":[87],"encoding":[88],"facilitate":[90],"global":[91],"extraction.":[93],"Bluetooth":[96],"dataset":[97,121],"33":[100],"mobile":[101],"phones,":[102],"our":[103,126],"Top-1":[107],"recognition":[108,135],"rate":[109],"over":[111],"98.6%":[112],"with":[113,119],"four":[114],"sampling":[115],"rates.":[116],"experiments":[118],"16":[123],"WiFi":[124],"devices,":[125],"enhancement":[128],"scheme":[129],"able":[131],"achieve":[133],"excellent":[134],"rates":[136],"small":[139],"number":[140],"training":[142],"sets,":[143],"demonstrating":[144],"its":[145],"superior":[146],"SEI":[149],"tasks":[150],"natural":[152],"All":[154],"code":[155],"public:":[157],"https://github.com/DuBianJun-007/Specific-Emitter-Identification.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}