{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409641383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3563000","title":"SIR-3DCNN: A Framework of Multivariate Time Series Classification for Lung Cancer Detection","display_name":"SIR-3DCNN: A Framework of Multivariate Time Series Classification for Lung Cancer Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409641383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3563000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3563000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3563000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020378699","display_name":"Ran Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-3691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ran Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0007-3691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029148706","display_name":"Shidan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0001-3261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shidan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4932-6438","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080909831","display_name":"Fengchun Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-6690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengchun Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5306-6690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063514346","display_name":"Yi Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-6074"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154480","display_name":"Chongqing Cancer Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/047d8yx24","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154480"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-6074","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Cancer Metastasis and Individualized Treatment, Chongqing University Cancer Hospital, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154480","https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5020378699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9236,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99292714,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9351999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9351999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12120","display_name":"Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting","score":0.9187999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12205","display_name":"Time Series Analysis and Forecasting","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.6234816312789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5649518966674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lung-cancer","display_name":"Lung cancer","score":0.5275625586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47315558791160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.46277889609336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38959214091300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3798922896385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.24214035272598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.18200093507766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oncology","display_name":"Oncology","score":0.12460589408874512}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.6234816312789917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5649518966674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776256026","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47912","display_name":"Lung cancer","level":2,"score":0.5275625586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47315558791160583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.46277889609336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38959214091300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3798922896385193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.24214035272598267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.18200093507766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.12460589408874512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3563000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3563000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8155834766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2023NSCQ-MSX0413","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487321909","https://openalex.org/W1522734439","https://openalex.org/W2036451392","https://openalex.org/W2166547175","https://openalex.org/W2353157675","https://openalex.org/W2551393996","https://openalex.org/W2607040660","https://openalex.org/W2901133964","https://openalex.org/W2918723420","https://openalex.org/W2963155035","https://openalex.org/W2972810968","https://openalex.org/W2982438846","https://openalex.org/W2998010409","https://openalex.org/W3016108562","https://openalex.org/W3029730018","https://openalex.org/W3080921724","https://openalex.org/W3106688607","https://openalex.org/W3115948762","https://openalex.org/W3128646645","https://openalex.org/W3154447390","https://openalex.org/W3163694981","https://openalex.org/W3167565311","https://openalex.org/W3186145246","https://openalex.org/W3188872815","https://openalex.org/W3194069390","https://openalex.org/W4210853607","https://openalex.org/W4285005945","https://openalex.org/W4285183459","https://openalex.org/W4310128778","https://openalex.org/W4312967631","https://openalex.org/W4318480891","https://openalex.org/W4367047139","https://openalex.org/W4377695098","https://openalex.org/W4378528083","https://openalex.org/W4386126667","https://openalex.org/W4394957446","https://openalex.org/W4399332403","https://openalex.org/W4399423533","https://openalex.org/W6845094036"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406638334","https://openalex.org/W1991765889","https://openalex.org/W1990068454","https://openalex.org/W2472172556","https://openalex.org/W1919101720","https://openalex.org/W2118640767","https://openalex.org/W2119012848","https://openalex.org/W2622688551","https://openalex.org/W1550175370","https://openalex.org/W1990205660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electronic":[0],"noses":[1],"(e-noses)":[2],"have":[3,131],"proven":[4],"effective":[5,137],"in":[6,16,32,49,92],"detecting":[7],"lung":[8,50,190],"cancer":[9,51,191],"by":[10,88],"analyzing":[11],"Volatile":[12],"Organic":[13],"Compounds":[14],"(VOCs)":[15],"breath":[17],"samples,":[18],"with":[19,153],"Multivariate":[20,107],"Time":[21,108],"Series":[22,109],"Classification":[23],"(MTSC)":[24],"as":[25],"the":[26,61,77,122,167],"primary":[27],"task.":[28],"However,":[29],"challenges":[30],"remain":[31],"effectively":[33],"capturing":[34],"spatiotemporal":[35,103],"information":[36],"for":[37,47,101,189],"MTSC.":[38],"To":[39],"address":[40],"this,":[41],"a":[42,134],"novel":[43],"method":[44],"called":[45],"SIR-3DCNN":[46,59,96,158],"MTSC":[48],"detection":[52,192],"is":[53,60,199],"introduced.":[54],"A":[55],"pivotal":[56],"aspect":[57],"of":[58,79,124],"Sensor":[62],"Array":[63],"Optimization":[64],"(SAO),":[65],"an":[66,98],"algorithm":[67],"based":[68],"on":[69],"Linear":[70],"Discriminant":[71],"Analysis":[72],"(LDA)":[73],"that":[74,143,157],"can":[75],"decrease":[76],"number":[78],"sensors":[80],"from":[81],"22":[82],"to":[83,120,148],"8":[84],"while":[85],"increasing":[86],"accuracy":[87,171],"2.35":[89],"percentage":[90],"points":[91],"our":[93],"study.":[94],"Furthermore,":[95],"incorporates":[97],"advanced":[99],"technique":[100],"representing":[102],"information,":[104],"converting":[105],"optimized":[106],"(MTS)":[110],"into":[111],"Maximum":[112],"Trajectory":[113],"Matrix":[114],"Images":[115],"(MTMIs)":[116],"and":[117,177],"arranging":[118],"them":[119],"maximize":[121],"Sum":[123],"Inter-Frame":[125],"Mutual":[126],"Information":[127],"(SIFMI).":[128],"Additionally,":[129],"we":[130],"developed":[132],"C3D-Light,":[133],"lightweight":[135],"yet":[136],"3D":[138],"Convolutional":[139],"Neural":[140],"Network":[141],"(3DCNN)":[142],"demonstrates":[144],"superior":[145],"performance":[146],"compared":[147,182],"other":[149],"models.":[150],"Comparative":[151],"analyses":[152],"state-of-the-art":[154],"methodologies":[155],"reveal":[156],"consistently":[159],"outperforms":[160],"existing":[161],"methods,":[162],"achieving":[163],"perfect":[164],"sensitivity":[165],"(100%),":[166],"highest":[168],"specificity":[169],"(80%),":[170],"(92.94%),":[172],"AUC":[173],"(94.85%),":[174],"precision":[175],"(90.26%),":[176],"F1-score":[178],"(94.86%)":[179],"among":[180],"all":[181],"methods.":[183],"This":[184],"advancement":[185],"holds":[186],"significant":[187],"promise":[188],"using":[193],"electronic":[194],"noses.":[195],"The":[196],"source":[197],"code":[198],"available":[200],"at":[201],"https://github.com/cqu-3dteam/sir-3dcnn.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21}],"updated_date":"2026-05-05T08:41:31.759640","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}