{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409129587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3554905","title":"A Switched Neural Process for Long-Term Postprandial Glucose Trajectory Prediction Based on Insulin Sensitivity Estimation","display_name":"A Switched Neural Process for Long-Term Postprandial Glucose Trajectory Prediction Based on Insulin Sensitivity Estimation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409129587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3554905"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3554905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3554905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007144092","display_name":"Jing Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-3226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Automation, MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7907-3226","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074670449","display_name":"Dawei Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-7502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawei Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Automation, MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3480-7502","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027437503","display_name":"Deheng Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3444-0621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deheng Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","School of Automation, MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3444-0621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, MIIT Key Laboratory of Servo Motion System Drive and Control, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055617827","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7613-3163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124809","display_name":"Peking University People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/035adwg89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124809"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking University People&#x2019;s Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7613-3163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking University People&#x2019;s Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210124809"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036949656","display_name":"Linong Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-1598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124809","display_name":"Peking University People's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/035adwg89","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124809"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linong Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking University People&#x2019;s Hospital, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1305-1598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Endocrine and Metabolism, Peking University People&#x2019;s Hospital, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570","https://openalex.org/I4210124809"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007329669","display_name":"Ling Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6771-8258","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6042,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67412312,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9129999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postprandial","display_name":"Postprandial","score":0.7297409772872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.6765816807746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.572516918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.5384843349456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.49895405769348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-sensitivity","display_name":"Insulin sensitivity","score":0.4667026996612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4554242491722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin","display_name":"Insulin","score":0.4361984133720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4340892434120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41236376762390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.29452499747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2463318109512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.23572289943695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17141783237457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.1703720986843109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.14314815402030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-resistance","display_name":"Insulin resistance","score":0.11007699370384216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778199505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992990","display_name":"Postprandial","level":3,"score":0.7297409772872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.6765816807746887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.572516918182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.5384843349456787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.49895405769348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017594256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin sensitivity","level":4,"score":0.4667026996612549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4554242491722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.4361984133720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4340892434120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41236376762390137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.29452499747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2463318109512329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.23572289943695068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17141783237457275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1703720986843109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.14314815402030945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.11007699370384216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3554905","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3554905","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-156103","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-156103","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.75}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2032356263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023 YFE0204100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4956490759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261160575","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5389009927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62333001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6195813650","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RDY2019-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W30412759","https://openalex.org/W1631308782","https://openalex.org/W1964693647","https://openalex.org/W2083543575","https://openalex.org/W2111352982","https://openalex.org/W2114131699","https://openalex.org/W2121605809","https://openalex.org/W2129995532","https://openalex.org/W2156353972","https://openalex.org/W2269966723","https://openalex.org/W2747931274","https://openalex.org/W2754879033","https://openalex.org/W2793729473","https://openalex.org/W2913964535","https://openalex.org/W2962760173","https://openalex.org/W2982134976","https://openalex.org/W2990694362","https://openalex.org/W3008906415","https://openalex.org/W3016192422","https://openalex.org/W3049516940","https://openalex.org/W3096537456","https://openalex.org/W3106920072","https://openalex.org/W3159581095","https://openalex.org/W3167277098","https://openalex.org/W3191698409","https://openalex.org/W3201999043","https://openalex.org/W4206528899","https://openalex.org/W4283785752","https://openalex.org/W4310018787","https://openalex.org/W4312692325","https://openalex.org/W4312854065","https://openalex.org/W4360602927","https://openalex.org/W4361792207","https://openalex.org/W4375929074","https://openalex.org/W4388269185","https://openalex.org/W4392844033","https://openalex.org/W6687054283"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2940950084","https://openalex.org/W4291284026","https://openalex.org/W2379081288","https://openalex.org/W2010624657","https://openalex.org/W2138603750","https://openalex.org/W2129387753","https://openalex.org/W2084692954","https://openalex.org/W1996268130","https://openalex.org/W2394474110","https://openalex.org/W1997477595"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advanced":[0],"sensing":[1],"technology":[2],"has":[3,43],"enabled":[4],"the":[5,17,44,61,88,109,118,124,133,148,160],"real-time":[6],"monitoring":[7],"of":[8,90,117],"blood":[9],"glucose":[10],"(BG),":[11],"making":[12],"it":[13],"possible":[14],"to":[15,59,74,107],"explore":[16],"BG":[18,40,51,63,92,179],"prediction":[19],"problem":[20],"based":[21,65],"on":[22,49,66,94],"continuous":[23],"observations.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"work,":[27],"we":[28],"propose":[29],"a":[30,67,100],"novel":[31],"switched":[32],"neural":[33],"process":[34],"(NP)":[35],"approach":[36],"for":[37,113,167],"long-term":[38],"postprandial":[39,178],"prediction,":[41,171],"which":[42,87,172],"probabilistic":[45],"inference":[46],"ability":[47],"conditioned":[48],"preprandial":[50,91],"measurements.":[52],"Distinct":[53],"representative":[54],"NP":[55,111],"models":[56],"are":[57],"constructed":[58],"capture":[60],"nonlinear":[62],"dynamics":[64],"designed":[68,106],"indicator.":[69],"This":[70],"indicator":[71],"is":[72,97,105,121],"developed":[73],"estimate":[75],"insulin":[76],"sensitivity":[77],"(IS)":[78],"at":[79],"meal":[80],"time":[81],"by":[82,127],"using":[83,128],"physiological":[84],"models,":[85],"in":[86,176],"effect":[89],"variation":[93],"IS":[95],"estimation":[96],"evaluated.":[98],"Besides,":[99],"robust":[101],"model":[102,112],"switching":[103],"mechanism":[104],"determine":[108],"appropriate":[110],"prediction.":[114],"The":[115,155],"effectiveness":[116],"proposed":[119,161],"method":[120,162],"illustrated":[122],"through":[123],"comparative":[125],"results":[126,157],"both":[129],"thein":[130],"silicodata":[131],"from":[132,151],"US":[134],"Food":[135],"and":[136,147,169],"Drug":[137],"Administration":[138],"(FDA)-accepted":[139],"UVA/Padova":[140],"type":[141],"1":[142],"diabetes":[143],"mellitus":[144],"(T1DM)":[145],"simulator":[146],"clinical":[149],"data":[150],"47":[152],"T1DM":[153],"subjects.":[154],"obtained":[156],"indicate":[158],"that":[159],"outperforms":[163],"existing":[164],"methods":[165],"especially":[166],"3h":[168],"4h":[170],"shows":[173],"promising":[174],"potential":[175],"predicting":[177],"levels.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
