{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408858428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3554871","title":"A Noncontact Sleep Monitoring Method Based on Millimeter-Wave Radar","display_name":"A Noncontact Sleep Monitoring Method Based on Millimeter-Wave Radar","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408858428","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3554871"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3554871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3554871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018614412","display_name":"Xiang Duan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4659-5034","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100654297","display_name":"Kunpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0409-2627"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0409-2627","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103781772","display_name":"Xuan Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6156-1803","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3450-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3450-9962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101152067","display_name":"Yuqing Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0524-8721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060690411","display_name":"Xiaowei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2126-178X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2126-178X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048496422","display_name":"Sheng Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-9556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37802460","display_name":"Northwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/00z3td547","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-9556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Northwest University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37802460"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0515,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72274109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9366999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.6244250535964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5693424940109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","score":0.4762078523635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.42039090394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3863215744495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3774779140949249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.35656851530075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28427883982658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2822423577308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25309640169143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1532154083251953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.6244250535964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5693424940109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775841894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4683692","display_name":"Sleep (system call)","level":2,"score":0.4762078523635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42039090394973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3863215744495392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3774779140949249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.35656851530075073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28427883982658386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2822423577308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25309640169143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1532154083251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3554871","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3554871","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2462378890","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23JP169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","funder_display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325627","display_name":"Education Department of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23473646","https://openalex.org/W177082416","https://openalex.org/W1967113132","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2003263157","https://openalex.org/W2019447905","https://openalex.org/W2024594202","https://openalex.org/W2024919601","https://openalex.org/W2048249809","https://openalex.org/W2049846557","https://openalex.org/W2057023498","https://openalex.org/W2079554853","https://openalex.org/W2092264024","https://openalex.org/W2102656701","https://openalex.org/W2103030298","https://openalex.org/W2116205810","https://openalex.org/W2116988482","https://openalex.org/W2156820867","https://openalex.org/W2741034219","https://openalex.org/W2782530141","https://openalex.org/W2835408549","https://openalex.org/W2884577189","https://openalex.org/W2902449706","https://openalex.org/W3028008698","https://openalex.org/W3034674220","https://openalex.org/W3156201172","https://openalex.org/W3199174005","https://openalex.org/W4210677635","https://openalex.org/W4231438709","https://openalex.org/W4289656548","https://openalex.org/W4309794375","https://openalex.org/W4327953907","https://openalex.org/W4377007656","https://openalex.org/W4383532532","https://openalex.org/W4385627201","https://openalex.org/W6606628390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W3106607904","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W4313199257","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W1983126463","https://openalex.org/W2369026988"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-quality":[0],"sleep":[1,16,22,38,53,156],"is":[2,12,89,129,145],"a":[3,36,79],"fundamental":[4],"guarantee":[5],"for":[6,14],"human":[7],"physical":[8],"health.":[9],"Sleep":[10],"monitoring":[11,23,39],"crucial":[13],"understanding":[15],"quality":[17],"and":[18,30,49,58,65,87,96,118,124,132,142,144,158],"structure,":[19],"but":[20],"traditional":[21],"methods":[24],"often":[25],"require":[26],"specialized":[27],"lab":[28],"environments":[29],"uncomfortable":[31],"sensors.":[32],"This":[33,136],"article":[34],"proposes":[35],"noncontact":[37],"method":[40,106,137],"based":[41,83],"on":[42,84],"millimeter-wave":[43],"radar,":[44],"which":[45],"accurately":[46,97],"measures":[47],"breathing":[48,122],"heartbeat":[50],"rates":[51],"during":[52],"by":[54],"preprocessing":[55],"reflected":[56],"signals":[57],"using":[59],"variational":[60],"mode":[61],"extraction":[62],"(VME)":[63],"algorithm":[64,82],"simultaneously":[66],"detects":[67],"snoring":[68,77,99,109],"events.":[69],"In":[70],"order":[71],"to":[72,147],"improve":[73],"the":[74,119,152],"accuracy":[75,120],"of":[76,115,121,154],"detection,":[78],"sliding":[80],"window":[81],"data":[85],"density":[86],"amplitude":[88],"introduced,":[90],"effectively":[91],"filtering":[92],"out":[93],"low-amplitude":[94],"noise":[95],"identifying":[98],"segments.":[100],"Experimental":[101],"results":[102],"show":[103],"that":[104],"this":[105],"can":[107],"detect":[108],"events":[110],"with":[111],"an":[112],"average":[113],"error":[114],"0.10":[116],"s,":[117],"rate":[123,126],"heart":[125],"(HR)":[127],"detection":[128],"approximately":[130],"0.72":[131],"2.56":[133],"bpm,":[134],"respectively.":[135],"demonstrates":[138],"high":[139],"real-time":[140],"performance":[141],"reliability":[143],"expected":[146],"find":[148],"broad":[149],"applications":[150],"in":[151],"diagnosis":[153],"clinical":[155],"disorders":[157],"home":[159],"health":[160],"monitoring.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
