{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408565563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3552477","title":"Automatic Modulation Recognition of Radio Frequency Proximity Sensor Signals Based on Adaptive Relational Graph Attention Network","display_name":"Automatic Modulation Recognition of Radio Frequency Proximity Sensor Signals Based on Adaptive Relational Graph Attention Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408565563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3552477"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3552477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3552477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077001014","display_name":"Lizhi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2194-7020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lizhi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067521894","display_name":"Xinhong Hao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6448-4839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinhong Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409507","display_name":"Qiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9717-1628"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3174185376","display_name":"China South Industries Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04n0f2b96","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ordnance Science and Research Academy of China, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ordnance Science and Research Academy of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3174185376"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090880904","display_name":"Jian Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0315-4673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101108768","display_name":"Wen Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022366386","display_name":"Xiaopeng Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-5429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaopeng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077001014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.2996,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98451365,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.6026070713996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.5467996001243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5320210456848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5000035762786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4305436313152313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4136464595794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.26504459977149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.2558816969394684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21135008335113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19951462745666504}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.6026070713996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.5467996001243591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5320210456848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5000035762786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4305436313152313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4136464595794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26504459977149963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2558816969394684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21135008335113525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19951462745666504}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3552477","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3552477","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972973610","https://openalex.org/W1973249861","https://openalex.org/W1988650030","https://openalex.org/W2005956500","https://openalex.org/W2040387238","https://openalex.org/W2042272696","https://openalex.org/W2170798597","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2769483473","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2916238263","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2980902614","https://openalex.org/W2990483634","https://openalex.org/W2998637290","https://openalex.org/W3006635105","https://openalex.org/W3023318489","https://openalex.org/W3041283662","https://openalex.org/W3135361862","https://openalex.org/W4225799941","https://openalex.org/W4225992487","https://openalex.org/W4284889256","https://openalex.org/W4285247547","https://openalex.org/W4285813793","https://openalex.org/W4293233278","https://openalex.org/W4311529214","https://openalex.org/W4311906417","https://openalex.org/W4316467837","https://openalex.org/W4317642578","https://openalex.org/W4382053093","https://openalex.org/W4382407401","https://openalex.org/W4383497732","https://openalex.org/W4386634503","https://openalex.org/W4389371289","https://openalex.org/W4389576830","https://openalex.org/W4390480793","https://openalex.org/W4392449278","https://openalex.org/W4396982292","https://openalex.org/W4400276388","https://openalex.org/W4400975243","https://openalex.org/W4402157546","https://openalex.org/W4404488408","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6748816842","https://openalex.org/W6852753519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387474130","https://openalex.org/W2004723848","https://openalex.org/W2086788376","https://openalex.org/W2093157008","https://openalex.org/W1518527075","https://openalex.org/W2162174235","https://openalex.org/W2054254129","https://openalex.org/W2143773860","https://openalex.org/W2068642629","https://openalex.org/W2012415775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"modulation":[1],"recognition":[2],"(AMR)":[3],"plays":[4],"a":[5,38,71],"critical":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,55,102,114,122,209],"signal":[9,112],"reconnaissance.":[10],"However,":[11],"due":[12],"to":[13,75,97,138,146,168],"the":[14,59,77,84,103,106,115,127,133,144],"high-frequency,":[15],"low-power":[16],"characteristics,":[17],"and":[18,80,119,132,151,163,174,201],"significant":[19],"propagation":[20],"loss":[21],"of":[22,83,109,117,129,191],"radio":[23],"frequency":[24],"proximity":[25],"sensor":[26],"(RFPS)":[27],"signals,":[28],"accurately":[29],"achieving":[30],"AMR":[31,54],"at":[32,188],"low":[33],"signal-to-noise":[34],"ratios":[35],"(SNRs)":[36],"remains":[37],"substantial":[39],"challenge.":[40],"To":[41],"address":[42],"this,":[43],"we":[44,89],"propose":[45,90],"an":[46,91,189],"adaptive":[47],"relational":[48],"graph":[49,159,161,165],"attention":[50],"network":[51],"(ARGAT)":[52],"for":[53],"low-SNR":[56,123,211],"conditions.":[57],"In":[58,87],"preprocessing":[60],"phase,":[61],"time-series":[62],"data":[63],"from":[64],"multiple":[65],"raw":[66],"signals":[67],"are":[68],"rearranged":[69],"into":[70],"2-D":[72],"feature":[73,176],"matrix":[74],"preserve":[76],"temporal":[78,149],"continuity":[79],"local":[81,171],"correlations":[82,113],"original":[85],"signals.":[86],"addition,":[88],"accelerated":[92],"synergistic":[93],"correlation":[94,131,135],"coefficient":[95,136],"(ASCC)":[96],"adaptively":[98],"assign":[99],"connection":[100],"weights":[101],"graph,":[104],"with":[105],"primary":[107],"goal":[108],"robustly":[110],"capturing":[111],"presence":[116],"noise":[118,140],"outliers,":[120],"particularly":[121,208],"environments.":[124],"ASCC":[125,204],"combines":[126],"strengths":[128],"cross":[130],"Pearson":[134],"(PCC)":[137],"enhance":[139],"resilience":[141],"while":[142],"maintaining":[143,213],"ability":[145],"capture":[147,169],"both":[148,170],"shifts":[150],"linear":[152],"dependencies.":[153],"The":[154],"ARGAT":[155,182],"framework":[156],"incorporates":[157],"improved":[158],"convolution,":[160],"attention,":[162],"transposed":[164],"convolution":[166],"layers":[167],"structural":[172],"information":[173],"global":[175],"relationships.":[177],"Experimental":[178],"results":[179],"demonstrate":[180],"that":[181],"achieves":[183],"over":[184],"91%":[185],"classification":[186],"accuracy":[187,215],"SNR":[190,219],"\u221214":[192],"dB,":[193],"significantly":[194],"outperforming":[195],"state-of-the-art":[196],"models":[197],"such":[198],"as":[199],"ResNet":[200],"DenseNet.":[202],"Moreover,":[203],"consistently":[205],"outperforms":[206],"PCC,":[207],"severely":[210],"environments,":[212],"higher":[214],"across":[216],"all":[217],"tested":[218],"levels.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-12-28T23:10:05.387466","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}