{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408520661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3551824","title":"High-Dimensional Radio Frequency Fingerprint Synthesis for Indoor Positioning","display_name":"High-Dimensional Radio Frequency Fingerprint Synthesis for Indoor Positioning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408520661","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3551824"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3551824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3551824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028253321","display_name":"Zhongyuan Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-9029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyuan Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0616-9029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109239451","display_name":"Thomas C. T. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-0491"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tom T. L. Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advances in Reliability and Safety, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0244-0491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advances in Reliability and Safety, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114022640","display_name":"Gary C. M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2543-703X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118286","display_name":"Hong Kong Design Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02hbtf857","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118286"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blue Pin (HK) Ltd., Hong Kong, China","Blue Pin (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2543-703X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blue Pin (HK) Ltd., Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118286"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blue Pin (HK) Limited, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103953560","display_name":"Yui\u2010Lam Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-094X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. L. Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1473-094X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045479823","display_name":"Daniel Pak-Kong Lun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel P. K. Lun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advances in Reliability and Safety, Hong Kong, China","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-1363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advances in Reliability and Safety, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013287421","display_name":"Michael Pecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-8662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156197","display_name":"Life Cycle Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/056hm0802","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156197"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael G. Pecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Advances in Reliability and Safety, Hong Kong, China","Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1126-8662","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Advances in Reliability and Safety, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156197","https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028253321"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3062,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79481077,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.641233503818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6363667845726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.5270578861236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49054402112960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3469938635826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2842538356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2712780833244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20992663502693176}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.641233503818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6363667845726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.5270578861236572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49054402112960815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3469938635826111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2842538356781006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2712780833244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20992663502693176}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3551824","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3551824","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ira.lib.polyu.edu.hk:10397/113738","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10397/113738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400205","display_name":"PolyU Institutional Research Archive (Hong Kong Polytechnic University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal/Magazine Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1893431417","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2032306167","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2128190945","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2345276999","https://openalex.org/W2596404374","https://openalex.org/W2786148629","https://openalex.org/W2916637386","https://openalex.org/W2963539531","https://openalex.org/W2963826694","https://openalex.org/W2984128863","https://openalex.org/W3011286333","https://openalex.org/W3035804303","https://openalex.org/W3163049295","https://openalex.org/W3197820259","https://openalex.org/W4205377657","https://openalex.org/W4210480765","https://openalex.org/W4210659589","https://openalex.org/W4226208255","https://openalex.org/W4285124880","https://openalex.org/W4285165099","https://openalex.org/W4288124122","https://openalex.org/W4292672216","https://openalex.org/W4307207721","https://openalex.org/W4311415873","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4385377018","https://openalex.org/W4385801729","https://openalex.org/W4390873084","https://openalex.org/W4393252966","https://openalex.org/W6640295612","https://openalex.org/W6679045638","https://openalex.org/W6683033130","https://openalex.org/W6735525128","https://openalex.org/W6754046947","https://openalex.org/W6765775151","https://openalex.org/W6765779288","https://openalex.org/W6776996631","https://openalex.org/W6779823529","https://openalex.org/W6783713337","https://openalex.org/W6786375611","https://openalex.org/W6788990321","https://openalex.org/W6795288823","https://openalex.org/W6797906067","https://openalex.org/W6838452192","https://openalex.org/W6840815571","https://openalex.org/W6842958722","https://openalex.org/W6851387481"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014822659","https://openalex.org/W2117826006","https://openalex.org/W1621827506","https://openalex.org/W4362496757","https://openalex.org/W2051501574","https://openalex.org/W2124627279","https://openalex.org/W2050967184","https://openalex.org/W2566091814","https://openalex.org/W2114937328","https://openalex.org/W2148654711"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fingerprint-based":[0],"indoor":[1],"positioning":[2,39,172,211,217],"systems":[3,22],"(IPSs)":[4],"are":[5],"being":[6],"explored":[7],"to":[8,14,36,48,88,151,163,193,208,221],"aid":[9],"in":[10,17],"location-based":[11],"services":[12],"due":[13],"their":[15],"robustness":[16],"nonline-of-sight":[18],"(NLOS)":[19],"conditions.":[20],"Current":[21],"use":[23],"high-dimensional":[24],"radio":[25],"frequency":[26,122],"(HDRF)":[27],"fingerprints,":[28,92],"such":[29],"as":[30],"Wi-Fi":[31],"channel":[32,123],"state":[33],"information":[34,124],"(CSI),":[35],"achieve":[37],"higher":[38],"precision.":[40],"Since":[41],"data":[42],"acquisition":[43],"is":[44,149,160],"labor-intensive,":[45],"researchers":[46],"proposed":[47],"enrich":[49],"the":[50,62,70,78,109,127,139,143,153,165,184,189,196,200,205,216],"dataset":[51],"with":[52],"generative":[53,79],"models.":[54],"It,":[55],"however,":[56],"faced":[57],"challenges":[58],"arising":[59],"from":[60,204],"capturing":[61],"intricate":[63],"HDRF":[64,91,97,115,168,178,202],"distribution":[65,112],"using":[66,101,117,138,195],"simplistic":[67],"models":[68,212],"and":[69,84,121,142,181,186],"lack":[71],"of":[72,188],"a":[73,102,132],"framework":[74,100,207],"that":[75,107],"simultaneously":[76],"addresses":[77],"model":[80,105],"training,":[81],"sample":[82,135,154],"evaluation,":[83],"selection.":[85],"In":[86],"order":[87],"synthesize":[89],"high-quality":[90],"this":[93],"article":[94],"proposes":[95],"an":[96],"fingerprint":[98],"generation":[99],"conditional":[103],"diffusion":[104],"(CDM)":[106],"learns":[108],"packet-level":[110],"feature":[111,128],"by":[113,219],"decomposing":[114],"fingerprints":[116,169,203],"grid":[118],"points,":[119],"anchors,":[120],"while":[125],"preserving":[126],"spatial":[129],"correlation":[130],"within":[131],"fingerprint.":[133],"A":[134],"selection":[136],"process":[137],"Mahalanobis":[140],"distance":[141],"principal":[144],"component":[145],"analysis":[146],"(PCA)":[147],"Q-statistic":[148],"used":[150],"ensure":[152],"fidelity.":[155],"An":[156],"adaptive":[157],"learning":[158],"strategy":[159],"further":[161],"developed":[162,206],"integrate":[164],"generated":[166],"synthetic":[167,190,201],"into":[170],"downstream":[171,210],"tasks.":[173],"Experimental":[174],"results":[175],"on":[176],"two":[177],"datasets":[179],"quantitatively":[180],"qualitatively":[182],"showcase":[183],"diversity":[185],"fidelity":[187],"samples.":[191],"Compared":[192],"solely":[194],"original":[197],"dataset,":[198],"integrating":[199],"train":[209],"can,":[213],"furthermore,":[214],"decrease":[215],"error":[218],"up":[220],"16%.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
