{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408324816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3550241","title":"Transforming Structural Health Monitoring: Leveraging Multisource Data Fusion With Two-Stage Encoder Transformer for Bridge Deformation Prediction","display_name":"Transforming Structural Health Monitoring: Leveraging Multisource Data Fusion With Two-Stage Encoder Transformer for Bridge Deformation Prediction","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408324816","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3550241"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3550241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3550241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113210119","display_name":"Haiyang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4141-4234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111986","display_name":"Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02403qw73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115604836","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8286-1733"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian university, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8286-1733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian university, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102877179","display_name":"Shuguang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-6669"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800710378","display_name":"Naval University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/056vyez31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuguang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8099-6669","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800710378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001470874","display_name":"Yihan Gao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111986","display_name":"Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02403qw73","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111986"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yehemin Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8798-1944","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115595883","display_name":"Yawei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9151-6648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141685","display_name":"Nanjing Surveying and Mapping Research Institute (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/042t78q04","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141685"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yawei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["The First Surveying and Mapping Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9151-6648","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The First Surveying and Mapping Institute of Hunan Province, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141685"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034414529","display_name":"Guigen Nie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-7968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guigen Nie","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Chian"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1271-7968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Chian","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7009,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81092921,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9807000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.973800003528595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.6543459892272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-health-monitoring","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","score":0.6478501558303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.6199290752410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5430476069450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5126816034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4974041283130646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.4638630747795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deformation","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","score":0.4185606837272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3332592844963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.24982202053070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2458183765411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24366390705108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2332107424736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.19506779313087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1784089207649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.11030808091163635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.6543459892272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776247918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423713","display_name":"Structural health monitoring","level":2,"score":0.6478501558303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.6199290752410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5430476069450378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5126816034317017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4974041283130646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.4638630747795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.4185606837272644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3332592844963074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.24982202053070068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2458183765411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24366390705108643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2332107424736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.19506779313087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1784089207649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.11030808091163635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3550241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3550241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6576288264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42204029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333688","funder_display_name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G909807728","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ8377","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333688","display_name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953448124","https://openalex.org/W3044009049","https://openalex.org/W3046345806","https://openalex.org/W3080419251","https://openalex.org/W3092046779","https://openalex.org/W3112157188","https://openalex.org/W3125459987","https://openalex.org/W3138791153","https://openalex.org/W3176075071","https://openalex.org/W4200331995","https://openalex.org/W4206635121","https://openalex.org/W4213397551","https://openalex.org/W4225016315","https://openalex.org/W4297253404","https://openalex.org/W4304889432","https://openalex.org/W4309835665","https://openalex.org/W4312191653","https://openalex.org/W4313855663","https://openalex.org/W4323047387","https://openalex.org/W4362465996","https://openalex.org/W4378974641","https://openalex.org/W4380682536","https://openalex.org/W4381730126","https://openalex.org/W4384662896","https://openalex.org/W4384705353","https://openalex.org/W4385156741","https://openalex.org/W4385275325","https://openalex.org/W4386075796","https://openalex.org/W4386318063","https://openalex.org/W4386385595","https://openalex.org/W4386634677","https://openalex.org/W4386938179","https://openalex.org/W4389673843","https://openalex.org/W4390872911","https://openalex.org/W4391567004","https://openalex.org/W4391981470","https://openalex.org/W4392904390","https://openalex.org/W4394828356","https://openalex.org/W4396716633","https://openalex.org/W4396834978","https://openalex.org/W4396946713","https://openalex.org/W4399563381","https://openalex.org/W4399687646","https://openalex.org/W4400191595","https://openalex.org/W4400386238","https://openalex.org/W4400679171","https://openalex.org/W4401009886","https://openalex.org/W4402321055","https://openalex.org/W4404006834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390516098","https://openalex.org/W2181948922","https://openalex.org/W2384362569","https://openalex.org/W317572049","https://openalex.org/W2017621034","https://openalex.org/W2142795561","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2152662039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bridge":[0],"deformation":[1,44],"monitoring":[2,179],"is":[3,109],"critical":[4],"for":[5,71,173],"ensuring":[6],"the":[7,60,105,123,129,134,139,152,155,160],"structural":[8,166,177],"integrity":[9],"and":[10,67,85,100,113,162],"safety":[11],"of":[12,19,125,154,164],"bridges,":[13],"as":[14],"it":[15],"enables":[16],"early":[17],"detection":[18],"potential":[20,153],"issues":[21],"that":[22,58],"may":[23],"lead":[24],"to":[25,32,39,95,121,128,133,158],"failure.":[26],"However,":[27],"current":[28],"methods":[29],"often":[30],"struggle":[31],"effectively":[33],"handle":[34],"complex,":[35,97],"multisource":[36,78],"data,":[37],"leading":[38],"challenges":[40],"in":[41,104,147,176],"accurately":[42],"predicting":[43],"behaviors.":[45],"To":[46],"address":[47],"this":[48,50],"issue,":[49],"study":[51],"proposes":[52],"a":[53,82,86,170],"two-stage":[54],"encoder":[55,84,88],"transformer":[56],"(TSE-Transformer)":[57],"integrates":[59,77],"Global":[61],"Navigation":[62],"Satellite":[63],"System":[64],"(GNSS),":[65],"accelerometers,":[66],"environment":[68],"sensor":[69,79,127],"data":[70,80],"accurate":[72],"displacement":[73],"prediction.":[74],"The":[75,107],"TSE-Transformer":[76,156],"through":[81,111],"custom-designed":[83],"PyTorch":[87],"module,":[89],"which":[90],"together":[91],"enhance":[92,159],"its":[93],"ability":[94],"model":[96,157],"nonlinear":[98],"relationships":[99],"capture":[101],"long-range":[102],"dependencies":[103],"data.":[106],"approach":[108],"validated":[110],"experiments":[112],"analyzed":[114],"using":[115],"local":[116],"interpretable":[117],"model-agnostic":[118],"explanations":[119],"(LIMEs)":[120],"determine":[122],"contribution":[124],"each":[126],"prediction":[130],"model.":[131],"Compared":[132],"extreme":[135],"gradient":[136],"boosting":[137],"(XGBoost),":[138],"proposed":[140],"method":[141],"demonstrates":[142],"an":[143],"approximate":[144],"50%":[145],"improvement":[146],"accuracy.":[148],"This":[149],"research":[150],"highlights":[151],"accuracy":[161],"reliability":[163],"real-time":[165],"health":[167,178],"monitoring,":[168],"offering":[169],"robust":[171],"solution":[172],"future":[174],"advancements":[175],"systems.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T01:58:51.020947","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
