{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408254298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3548190","title":"Discrimination Between Faults and Inrush Currents Using a Feature Transfer Strategy-Based CNN for Power Transformers","display_name":"Discrimination Between Faults and Inrush Currents Using a Feature Transfer Strategy-Based CNN for Power Transformers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408254298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3548190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3548190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3548190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065656469","display_name":"Zongbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-0664"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9795-0664","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001176139","display_name":"Anyang He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-0564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anyang He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6888-0564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102008012","display_name":"Xiaoping Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-4401"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoping Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Research Institute, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0105-4401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Research Institute, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2594-4013"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Economic Technology Research Institute, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2594-4013","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Shaanxi Electric Power Economic Technology Research Institute, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017100899","display_name":"Zaibin Jiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-0077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaibin Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2951-0077","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106809253","display_name":"Nuo Xv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8962-0343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nuo Xv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin, China","School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8962-0343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101275903","display_name":"Yijia Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7988-6338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijia Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin, China","School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7988-6338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin City, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8506,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84585364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inrush-current","display_name":"Inrush current","score":0.8632383346557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5147368907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4641382098197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4478415846824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.43261975049972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.39776408672332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2612977921962738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23340480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358932","display_name":"Inrush current","level":4,"score":0.8632383346557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5147368907928467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4641382098197937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4478415846824646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.43261975049972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.39776408672332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2612977921962738}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3548190","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3548190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8333156792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51877167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1532940862","https://openalex.org/W1983823148","https://openalex.org/W2018444483","https://openalex.org/W2049721536","https://openalex.org/W2080975658","https://openalex.org/W2102259958","https://openalex.org/W2104612563","https://openalex.org/W2104903580","https://openalex.org/W2116685611","https://openalex.org/W2265656286","https://openalex.org/W2343421684","https://openalex.org/W2409878401","https://openalex.org/W2602876170","https://openalex.org/W2734666712","https://openalex.org/W2803319818","https://openalex.org/W2803924552","https://openalex.org/W2810735771","https://openalex.org/W2889002678","https://openalex.org/W2907138633","https://openalex.org/W2909189866","https://openalex.org/W2916441360","https://openalex.org/W2963410812","https://openalex.org/W2984390847","https://openalex.org/W2993533229","https://openalex.org/W3137986221","https://openalex.org/W3163634674","https://openalex.org/W3166805494","https://openalex.org/W3194668998","https://openalex.org/W3195953363","https://openalex.org/W3199813641","https://openalex.org/W3214552640","https://openalex.org/W4214579428","https://openalex.org/W4285207366","https://openalex.org/W4312190772","https://openalex.org/W4312405278","https://openalex.org/W4321016476","https://openalex.org/W4321022080","https://openalex.org/W4323052156","https://openalex.org/W4384575476","https://openalex.org/W4386277060","https://openalex.org/W4387623699"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2066475836","https://openalex.org/W2164272108","https://openalex.org/W3193421521","https://openalex.org/W3015498293","https://openalex.org/W1499431595","https://openalex.org/W2107907479","https://openalex.org/W3009560013","https://openalex.org/W2365799114","https://openalex.org/W2864363823"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transfer":[0],"learning":[1],"can":[2],"enhance":[3],"artificial":[4],"intelligences":[5],"(AIs)":[6],"ability":[7,226],"in":[8,39,64,169,227],"identifying":[9],"faults":[10],"and":[11,25,121,130,158,175,192],"inrush":[12,215],"current":[13,81,216],"for":[14,57,199,219],"the":[15,22,45,70,75,79,88,95,98,102,127,148,153,187,200],"transformer":[16,220],"differential":[17,40,80,221],"protection.":[18],"However,":[19],"due":[20],"to":[21,72,108,133,165,205,212],"high":[23],"complexity":[24],"scarcity":[26],"of":[27,78,90,97,190],"operating":[28],"data,":[29],"conventional":[30],"transfer":[31,55,142],"methods":[32],"are":[33,124,131,163],"not":[34],"applicable.":[35],"Additionally,":[36,195],"significant":[37],"differences":[38,155],"currents":[41],"among":[42],"transformers":[43],"hinder":[44],"AI\u2019s":[46],"generalization":[47,225],"ability.":[48],"To":[49],"address":[50],"these":[51],"issues,":[52],"a":[53,91,110,182,196],"novel":[54],"strategy":[56,68,143,198],"convolutional":[58,171],"neural":[59],"networks":[60],"(CNNs)":[61],"is":[62,106,178,186,203,210],"introduced":[63],"this":[65],"article.":[66],"This":[67],"guides":[69],"CNN":[71,111,136],"focus":[73,146],"on":[74,147],"unsaturated":[76,99,120,149],"segments":[77,100,150],"fault":[82],"components":[83],"(FCDCs),":[84],"which":[85,105],"reliably":[86],"indicate":[87],"presence":[89],"fault.":[92],"It":[93],"defines":[94],"images":[96],"as":[101,126],"source":[103],"domain":[104,129],"used":[107,132],"train":[109,134],"called":[112,137],"source-CNN":[113],"(SCNN).":[114],"The":[115,140],"original":[116],"images,":[117],"containing":[118],"both":[119],"saturated":[122],"segments,":[123],"defined":[125],"target":[128],"another":[135],"target-CNN":[138],"(TCNN).":[139],"proposed":[141,204],"helps":[144],"TCNN":[145,157,174,177,209],"by":[151],"minimizing":[152],"feature":[154],"between":[156,173],"SCNN.":[159,176],"Specifically,":[160],"adaptation":[161,167,193,201],"layers":[162,202],"incorporated":[164],"compute":[166],"losses":[168],"each":[170],"layer":[172],"then":[179],"trained":[180],"using":[181],"loss":[183],"function":[184],"that":[185],"weighted":[188],"sum":[189],"classification":[191],"losses.":[194],"dropout":[197],"mitigate":[206],"overfitting.":[207],"Finally,":[208],"employed":[211],"develop":[213],"an":[214],"blocking":[217],"method":[218],"protection,":[222],"demonstrating":[223],"enhanced":[224],"dynamic":[228],"simulation":[229],"experiments.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T19:40:27.379048","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
