{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408145510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3547524","title":"An Adaptive Robust Pointer Meter Automatic Reading Algorithm Based on CAR-Unet","display_name":"An Adaptive Robust Pointer Meter Automatic Reading Algorithm Based on CAR-Unet","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408145510","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3547524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3547524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3547524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101072834","display_name":"Jin Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5903-0393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fan Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei City, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5903-0393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei City, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089276809","display_name":"Zhaobi Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-9751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaobi Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei City, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0343-9751","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei City, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Min Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7418-817X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei City, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7418-817X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei City, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bo Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8000-5348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei City, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8000-5348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei City, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100946040","display_name":"Xueping Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4710-723X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueping Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei City, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4710-723X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei City, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101072834"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0545,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.860994,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.8865000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.8865000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.8840000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13734","display_name":"Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications","score":0.8571000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pointer","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","score":0.7270339131355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6551315188407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5711586475372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-meter-reading","display_name":"Automatic meter reading","score":0.5263382792472839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.4231830835342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3663783073425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.31005120277404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09916827082633972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150202949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107602","display_name":"Pointer (user interface)","level":2,"score":0.7270339131355286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6551315188407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5711586475372314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93763578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503672","display_name":"Automatic meter reading","level":3,"score":0.5263382792472839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.4231830835342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3663783073425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.31005120277404785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09916827082633972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3547524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3547524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1676195495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202103a05020001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336601","funder_display_name":"Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336601","display_name":"Major Science and Technology Projects in Anhui Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2106725397","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963857746","https://openalex.org/W2989852531","https://openalex.org/W2998943318","https://openalex.org/W3005831176","https://openalex.org/W3023049087","https://openalex.org/W3024656474","https://openalex.org/W3025611830","https://openalex.org/W3177052299","https://openalex.org/W4225094357","https://openalex.org/W4381987826","https://openalex.org/W4382677698","https://openalex.org/W4386076267","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4390874575","https://openalex.org/W4391682642","https://openalex.org/W4392667079","https://openalex.org/W4402754006","https://openalex.org/W6798838024"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293141466","https://openalex.org/W2148473415","https://openalex.org/W2034434590","https://openalex.org/W2352192473","https://openalex.org/W2387387477","https://openalex.org/W2560749002","https://openalex.org/W2394051415","https://openalex.org/W2352997147","https://openalex.org/W2363801664","https://openalex.org/W2385136289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Significant":[0],"advancements":[1],"have":[2],"been":[3],"made":[4],"in":[5,147],"automatic":[6,36,180],"reading":[7,181],"methods":[8,55],"for":[9,38,209],"pointer":[10],"meters":[11,183],"utilizing":[12,138],"machine":[13],"vision.":[14],"Nonetheless,":[15],"the":[16,74,83,103,121,139,148,171,179,191,205],"accuracy":[17],"of":[18,173,182,202,216],"instrument":[19,149],"readings":[20,37],"remains":[21],"susceptible":[22],"to":[23,49,60,72,81,101,119,124,144,169],"various":[24],"factors,":[25],"including":[26],"dial":[27,61,84,104,133,158],"contamination,":[28],"reflections,":[29],"and":[30,63,85,88,105,113,129,175],"tilt":[31],"distortion.":[32],"In":[33],"addition,":[34],"achieving":[35],"instruments":[39],"with":[40,184,198,213],"different":[41],"ranges":[42],"without":[43],"relying":[44],"on":[45,163],"manual":[46],"priors":[47],"continues":[48],"pose":[50],"a":[51,69,89,114,132,154,199,210,214],"significant":[52],"challenge.":[53],"Existing":[54],"rarely":[56],"address":[57],"issues":[58],"related":[59],"distortion":[62],"range":[64,157],"adaptation.":[65],"This":[66],"article":[67],"proposes":[68],"comprehensive":[70],"pipeline":[71,193],"tackle":[73],"aforementioned":[75],"challenges.":[76],"First,":[77],"Yolov8-o":[78],"is":[79,99,136,224],"employed":[80],"position":[82],"numerical":[86],"indicators,":[87],"coordinate":[90,109],"attention":[91,110],"based":[92,162],"residual":[93,115],"Unet":[94],"(CAR-Unet)":[95],"semantic":[96],"segmentation":[97,140],"network":[98],"introduced":[100],"segment":[102],"its":[106],"components.":[107],"A":[108],"(CA)":[111],"mechanism":[112],"structure":[116],"are":[117],"integrated":[118],"enhance":[120],"network\u2019s":[122],"resilience":[123],"interferences":[125],"such":[126],"as":[127],"dirt":[128],"reflections.":[130],"Simultaneously,":[131],"correction":[134],"method":[135],"proposed,":[137],"mask":[141],"from":[142],"CAR-Unet":[143],"rectify":[145],"distortions":[146],"image.":[150],"Finally,":[151],"we":[152],"present":[153],"lightweight":[155],"adaptive":[156,167,185],"number":[159],"recognition":[160,172],"algorithm":[161],"ResNum,":[164],"which":[165],"integrates":[166],"binarization":[168],"facilitate":[170],"multidigit":[174],"decimal":[176],"numbers,":[177],"enabling":[178],"ranges.":[186],"Experimental":[187],"results":[188],"demonstrate":[189],"that":[190],"proposed":[192],"achieves":[194],"state-of-the-art":[195],"(SOTA)":[196],"performance,":[197],"fiducial":[200],"error":[201],"0.47%.":[203],"Furthermore,":[204],"average":[206],"processing":[207],"time":[208],"single":[211],"image":[212],"resolution":[215],"<inline-formula":[217],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[218],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[219],"<tex-math":[220],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1920\\times":[221],"1080$":[222],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[223],"only":[225],"144":[226],"ms.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}