{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407937771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3544384","title":"Contrastive Learning-Based Feature-Consistency Distillation Network for Weak Fault Diagnosis of Harmonic Drive","display_name":"Contrastive Learning-Based Feature-Consistency Distillation Network for Weak Fault Diagnosis of Harmonic Drive","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407937771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3544384"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3544384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3544384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057512648","display_name":"Jiaxian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-5992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1576-5992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061148045","display_name":"Dongpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8628-3794"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8628-3794","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082065343","display_name":"Ruyi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0586-1195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruyi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0586-1195","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shien-Ming Wu School of Intelligent Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102729596","display_name":"Zhuyun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-7332"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuyun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-7332","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Precision Electronic Manufacturing Technology and Equipment, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010684849","display_name":"Weihua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-1399"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-1399","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5211,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9409623,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13717","display_name":"Advanced Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.6856080889701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6143121719360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.5971580743789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distillation","display_name":"Distillation","score":0.5487334728240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5406806468963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5000874996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-analysis","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","score":0.4967191815376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.49060264229774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4627528190612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4248349070549011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25950443744659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.24138161540031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1771957278251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1379648745059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.10823899507522583}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6856080889701843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6143121719360352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.5971580743789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.5487334728240967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5406806468963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5000874996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.4967191815376282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.49060264229774475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4627528190612793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4248349070549011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25950443744659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.24138161540031433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1771957278251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1379648745059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.10823899507522583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2025.3544384","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2025.3544384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G397272184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52205100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5927682106","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52205101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G68734864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20620","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7068005340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M711197","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8837241273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52275111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584994008","https://openalex.org/W2601590138","https://openalex.org/W2929444508","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W3002888218","https://openalex.org/W3122347867","https://openalex.org/W3194185277","https://openalex.org/W4206552580","https://openalex.org/W4308469643","https://openalex.org/W4312253323","https://openalex.org/W4313059808","https://openalex.org/W4313593335","https://openalex.org/W4320015847","https://openalex.org/W4327663255","https://openalex.org/W4378194761","https://openalex.org/W4379382323","https://openalex.org/W4380359851","https://openalex.org/W4380451070","https://openalex.org/W4382998509","https://openalex.org/W4383032321","https://openalex.org/W4385338782","https://openalex.org/W4387757462","https://openalex.org/W4388208118","https://openalex.org/W4390629112","https://openalex.org/W4391528297","https://openalex.org/W4392114217","https://openalex.org/W4392460366","https://openalex.org/W4400114691","https://openalex.org/W4401045052","https://openalex.org/W4402301030"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587667458","https://openalex.org/W2164070943","https://openalex.org/W2983963786","https://openalex.org/W1861882962","https://openalex.org/W1497667432","https://openalex.org/W2163128389","https://openalex.org/W2121926536","https://openalex.org/W1516921425","https://openalex.org/W2390836177","https://openalex.org/W2568904611"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,186],"deep":[1],"learning":[2,134],"(DL)":[3],"technology":[4],"has":[5],"contributed":[6],"excellent":[7],"intelligent":[8],"diagnosis":[9,16,35,59],"algorithms":[10],"and":[11,46,76,128,188,201],"network":[12,68,147],"structures":[13],"for":[14],"fault":[15,24,34,39,58,91,127,130,139,152,211],"of":[17,41,104,190],"mechanical":[18],"equipment.":[19],"However,":[20],"it":[21],"requires":[22],"high-quality":[23],"samples":[25],"to":[26,88,119,163,176],"train":[27],"models,":[28],"which":[29,98,205],"significantly":[30],"challenges":[31],"the":[32,37,101,115,121,125,132,137,155,165,178,191],"weak":[33,45,57,90,105,126,166,171,210],"because":[36],"early":[38],"characteristics":[40],"signals":[42],"are":[43,141,194],"extremely":[44],"easily":[47],"overwhelmed":[48],"by":[49,131],"background":[50],"noise.":[51],"To":[52],"resolve":[53],"this":[54,169],"problem,":[55],"a":[56,62,80,108,144,197],"method":[60,193],"called":[61],"contrastive":[63,133],"learning-based":[64],"feature-consistency":[65,109],"distillation":[66,110],"(CL-FCD)":[67],"is":[69,86,112,161],"proposed,":[70],"including":[71],"feature":[72,74,102,116,122],"extraction,":[73],"augmentation,":[75],"classification":[77],"modules.":[78],"First,":[79],"multidilation":[81],"rate":[82],"dilated":[83],"convolutional":[84,145],"block":[85],"developed":[87],"extract":[89],"features":[92,140,172],"at":[93],"different":[94],"scales":[95],"receptive":[96],"fields,":[97],"can":[99,173],"improve":[100],"representation":[103],"faults.":[106,185],"Second,":[107],"loss":[111],"designed":[113],"in":[114,209],"augmentation":[117],"module":[118],"align":[120],"distribution":[123],"between":[124],"severe":[129,138,151,159,184],"technology,":[135],"where":[136],"obtained":[142],"through":[143],"neural":[146],"(CNN)":[148],"trained":[149],"on":[150,158,196],"samples.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"classifier":[156],"pretrained":[157],"faults":[160],"employed":[162],"diagnose":[164],"fault.":[167],"In":[168],"way,":[170],"be":[174],"augmented":[175],"achieve":[177],"same":[179],"high":[180],"discriminatory":[181],"power":[182],"as":[183],"effectiveness":[187],"generalization":[189],"proposed":[192],"verified":[195],"rolling":[198],"bearing":[199],"dataset":[200],"harmonic":[202],"drive":[203],"dataset,":[204],"outperform":[206],"existing":[207],"methods":[208],"diagnosis.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}