{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4405785226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3522684","title":"MDFF: A Multilevel Deep Fusion Framework of Multisource Heterogeneous Data for FeO Content Prediction in Sintering Process","display_name":"MDFF: A Multilevel Deep Fusion Framework of Multisource Heterogeneous Data for FeO Content Prediction in Sintering Process","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4405785226","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3522684"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3522684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3522684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108192127","display_name":"Shenjin Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shiyi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113263967","display_name":"Chutian Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxin Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101997768","display_name":"Yuchen Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8379-7251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100654679","display_name":"Xinmin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-3969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinmin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048733958","display_name":"Zhihuan Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4098-6479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihuan Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108192127"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4174,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59649235,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"74","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11837","display_name":"Iron and Steelmaking Processes","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.9868999719619751,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sintering","display_name":"Sintering","score":0.7171260118484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.6155140399932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.6150833368301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5336649417877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.5179290175437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.49500149488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39065948128700256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.36670583486557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.21438992023468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18674510717391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15144583582878113}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777581544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844613","display_name":"Sintering","level":2,"score":0.7171260118484497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.6155140399932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6150833368301392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5336649417877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.5179290175437927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.49500149488449097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39065948128700256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.36670583486557007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.21438992023468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18674510717391968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15144583582878113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3522684","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3522684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1157898891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022C01206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5659945949","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61933013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1892382968","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2110485445","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2281119391","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2811204324","https://openalex.org/W3044753885","https://openalex.org/W3123899295","https://openalex.org/W3136110425","https://openalex.org/W3147948705","https://openalex.org/W3170197255","https://openalex.org/W3204335690","https://openalex.org/W4213415961","https://openalex.org/W4281264130","https://openalex.org/W4320035132","https://openalex.org/W4321608004","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385819818","https://openalex.org/W4400966032","https://openalex.org/W6640212811","https://openalex.org/W6797155008"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3146752240","https://openalex.org/W2378086236","https://openalex.org/W2470504773","https://openalex.org/W1839750456","https://openalex.org/W2365145484","https://openalex.org/W1991354250","https://openalex.org/W2132659060","https://openalex.org/W2031992971","https://openalex.org/W3214791684","https://openalex.org/W2152662039"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,6,11,17,37,52,56,64,72,148,157,167,179,188,201,211],"key":[2],"quality":[3,43],"indicator":[4],"in":[5,16,214],"iron":[7],"ore":[8],"sintering":[9,27,57,203],"process,":[10],"ferrous":[12],"oxide":[13],"(FeO)":[14],"content":[15,92,152],"finished":[18],"sinter":[19],"directly":[20],"reflects":[21],"its":[22],"thermal":[23],"state":[24],"and":[25,100,135,163,174,219],"denotes":[26],"quality.":[28],"Currently,":[29],"data-driven":[30],"soft":[31,111],"sensor":[32,112],"modeling":[33],"technology":[34],"has":[35],"become":[36],"mainstream":[38],"method":[39,182],"for":[40,89,110,127],"predicting":[41],"this":[42,79],"indicator.":[44],"However,":[45],"existing":[46,212],"approaches":[47],"either":[48],"fail":[49],"to":[50,62,105,143,210],"leverage":[51],"multimodal":[53],"properties":[54],"of":[55,74,160,187,200,216],"dataset":[58],"or":[59],"simply":[60],"neglect":[61],"explore":[63],"interrelationships":[65],"between":[66],"multisource":[67,172,192],"heterogeneous":[68],"data,":[69],"thus":[70],"limiting":[71],"improvement":[73],"prediction":[75,158,217],"accuracy.":[76],"To":[77],"address":[78],"issue,":[80],"we":[81],"propose":[82],"a":[83,136],"multilevel":[84,176],"deep":[85],"fusion":[86,102],"framework":[87,109],"(MDFF)":[88],"real-time":[90],"FeO":[91,151],"detection,":[93],"which":[94],"combines":[95],"data":[96,173],"fusion,":[97,99,178],"feature":[98],"decision":[101,168],"methods":[103],"together":[104],"form":[106],"an":[107],"end-to-end":[108],"modeling.":[113],"First,":[114],"shallow":[115],"features":[116,165],"are":[117,141],"extracted":[118],"from":[119],"cross":[120],"section":[121],"images":[122],"based":[123],"on":[124],"expert":[125],"knowledge":[126],"data-level":[128],"fusion.":[129,146],"Then,":[130],"two":[131],"multiscale":[132],"encoding":[133],"networks":[134],"shared":[137,161],"representation":[138],"learning":[139],"network":[140],"employed":[142],"realize":[144],"feature-level":[145],"Subsequently,":[147],"final":[149],"predicted":[150],"is":[153,208],"obtained":[154],"by":[155],"fusing":[156],"results":[159,199],"representations":[162],"modality-specific":[164],"at":[166,194],"level.":[169],"By":[170],"integrating":[171],"designing":[175],"information":[177,193],"proposed":[180],"MDFF":[181,207],"can":[183],"make":[184],"full":[185],"exploitation":[186],"intrinsic":[189],"interactions":[190],"among":[191],"various":[195],"levels.":[196],"The":[197],"experimental":[198],"actual":[202],"process":[204],"show":[205],"that":[206],"superior":[209],"models":[213],"terms":[215],"accuracy":[218],"stability.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}