{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403918765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3488134","title":"A Multipath Detection Method Using C/N0 Observations From Low-Cost Receivers","display_name":"A Multipath Detection Method Using C/N0 Observations From Low-Cost Receivers","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403918765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3488134"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3488134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3488134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101816945","display_name":"Zhen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4953-6087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4953-6087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101895926","display_name":"Shengyi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9758-148X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shengyi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9758-148X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114858935","display_name":"Xiaolong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0661-4372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0661-4372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055241681","display_name":"Qile Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-6376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qile Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3957-6376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076868082","display_name":"Jing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-9733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4709-9733","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GNSS Research Center, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8287167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12024","display_name":"Ultra-Wideband Communications Technology","score":0.9261000156402588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9110999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.5804335474967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5186552405357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.48648402094841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3232916593551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25256872177124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24691778421401978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5804335474967957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5186552405357361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48648402094841003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3232916593551636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25256872177124023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24691778421401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3488134","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3488134","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1244446482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42030109,","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1975398193","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018 QNRC001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G368570243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"42304032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4726859508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41974035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505310524","https://openalex.org/W1973293707","https://openalex.org/W1979322175","https://openalex.org/W2004547646","https://openalex.org/W2023409854","https://openalex.org/W2029624241","https://openalex.org/W2038587308","https://openalex.org/W2038678236","https://openalex.org/W2049926473","https://openalex.org/W2057466833","https://openalex.org/W2067215128","https://openalex.org/W2071758630","https://openalex.org/W2075901094","https://openalex.org/W2094778077","https://openalex.org/W2098314310","https://openalex.org/W2188692557","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2552980656","https://openalex.org/W2790072365","https://openalex.org/W2793716893","https://openalex.org/W2883884925","https://openalex.org/W2898726493","https://openalex.org/W2908182331","https://openalex.org/W2971226097","https://openalex.org/W3035670157","https://openalex.org/W3044810324","https://openalex.org/W3097380568","https://openalex.org/W3105920057","https://openalex.org/W3108828729","https://openalex.org/W3131958656","https://openalex.org/W3196141264","https://openalex.org/W3198803577","https://openalex.org/W4283206657","https://openalex.org/W4288059539","https://openalex.org/W4290998717","https://openalex.org/W4296001807","https://openalex.org/W4386202658","https://openalex.org/W6604312705"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376969857","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multipath":[0],"effects":[1],"in":[2,112,120],"global":[3],"navigation":[4],"satellite":[5],"system":[6],"(GNSS)":[7],"observations":[8,219,231,245],"significantly":[9,276],"reduce":[10],"positioning":[11,190],"accuracy":[12],"and":[13,18,40,55,158,171,181,203,212,227,239,241,254],"are":[14,78,110],"challenging":[15],"to":[16,48,86,127,132,210,214,261,267],"model":[17],"mitigate.":[19],"We":[20],"propose":[21],"three":[22,108],"statistical":[23],"tests":[24,109],"for":[25,98,143,149],"multipath":[26,54,67,117,141,218,237,268],"detection":[27,118,142,147,177],"using":[28],"the":[29,42,45,61,81,92,115,128,134,192,195,223,230,249,252,262,270],"carrier-to-noise":[30],"power":[31],"density":[32],"ratio":[33],"(C/$N0$).":[34],"Each":[35],"test":[36],"has":[37],"certain":[38],"advantages":[39],"disadvantages:":[41],"first$S1$based":[43],"on":[44,60,91],"C/$N0$is":[46,96],"sensitive":[47],"an":[49],"abnormal":[50],"C/$N0$but":[51],"cannot":[52],"distinguish":[53],"non-line-of-sight":[56],"(NLOS).":[57],"The":[58,89,101,146],"second$S2$based":[59],"differenced":[62],"C/$N0$between":[63],"frequencies":[64,77],"can":[65],"detect":[66],"without":[68],"being":[69],"affected":[70,235],"by":[71,236],"NLOS,":[72],"but":[73],"at":[74],"least":[75],"two":[76],"needed.":[79],"Additionally,":[80],"combination":[82,250],"of$S1$and$S2$can":[83],"be":[84,288],"used":[85,111],"identify":[87],"NLOS.":[88],"third$S3$based":[90],"epoch":[93],"difference":[94],"of":[95,136,139,197,229,243,264,272],"preferred":[97],"kinematic":[99,188,224,279],"mode.":[100],"best":[102],"performance":[103],"is":[104,130],"achieved":[105],"when":[106],"all":[107],"combination.":[113],"For":[114,184,222],"static":[116,186],"experiment":[119],"a":[121,124,150,155,159,165,284],"harsh":[122],"environment,":[123],"function":[125],"related":[126],"azimuth":[129],"established":[131],"mitigate":[133],"impact":[135],"azimuthal":[137],"dependence":[138],"C/$N0$on":[140],"low-cost":[144,160,265],"receivers.":[145],"rates":[148,178],"Trimble":[151],"Alloy":[152],"receiver":[153,163],"with":[154,164,191],"geodetic":[156],"antenna":[157,168],"u-blox":[161,193,255],"F9P":[162,256],"microstrip":[166],"patch":[167],"were":[169,179,206,220,232,246],"83.67%":[170],"73.40%,":[172],"respectively,":[173,216],"while":[174],"their":[175],"incorrect":[176],"10.11%":[180],"20.24%,":[182],"respectively.":[183,258],"single-epoch":[185],"real-time":[187],"(RTK)":[189],"F9P,":[194],"proportion":[196],"horizontal":[198],"position":[199],"error":[200],"within":[201],"0.2":[202],"2":[204],"m":[205],"improved":[207],"from":[208],"61.5%":[209],"78.8%":[211],"78.3%":[213],"92.8%,":[215],"once":[217],"identified.":[221],"experiment,":[225],"47.05%":[226],"61.79%":[228],"detected":[233,247],"as":[234],"interference,":[238],"70.95%":[240],"85.27%":[242],"NLOS":[244],"via":[248],"of$S1$and$S2$for":[251],"alloy":[253],"receivers,":[257],"However,":[259],"due":[260],"sensitivity":[263],"devices":[266],"effects,":[269],"number":[271],"available":[273],"satellites":[274],"will":[275],"decrease":[277],"during":[278],"positioning.":[280],"In":[281],"such":[282],"cases,":[283],"weighting":[285],"method":[286],"should":[287],"applied.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
