{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403674926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3485457","title":"Temperature Rise Mechanism of Pacemaker Induced by a Time-Varying Gradient Magnetic Field","display_name":"Temperature Rise Mechanism of Pacemaker Induced by a Time-Varying Gradient Magnetic Field","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403674926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3485457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3485457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3485457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3485457","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100695317","display_name":"Yong-Hua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2102-7571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105460","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zcefp03","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Shanghai Institute of Medical Device Testing, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2102-7571","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Shanghai Institute of Medical Device Testing, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chenghuai Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9348-3326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenghuai Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9348-3326","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111238338","display_name":"Jiaxing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0504-6808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaxing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0504-6808","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059107161","display_name":"Pengfei Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3587-6290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223893228","display_name":"National Medical Products Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/002k3wk88","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223893228","https://openalex.org/I4405258220"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengfei Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3587-6290","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223893228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068141891","display_name":"J. M. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1763-655X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223893228","display_name":"National Medical Products Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/002k3wk88","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223893228","https://openalex.org/I4405258220"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1763-655X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Center for Medical Device Evaluation, NMPA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223893228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100956048","display_name":"Hongyi Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105460","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zcefp03","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Shanghai Institute of Medical Device Testing, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8135-9683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Shanghai Institute of Medical Device Testing, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sheng Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105460","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zcefp03","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Shanghai Institute of Medical Device Testing, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Shanghai Institute of Medical Device Testing, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105460"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016151152","display_name":"Pu-Ming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-2376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Puming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1384-2376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002738773","display_name":"Xun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-4589"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105460","display_name":"Shanghai Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00zcefp03","country_code":"CN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105460"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Shanghai Institute of Medical Device Testing, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0691-4589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Active Medical Device Testing, NMPA Key Laboratory for Medical Electrical Equipment, Shanghai Institute of Medical Device Testing, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16208653,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9508000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9508000016212463,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":0.940500020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9329000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5676337480545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.5196248888969421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5088236927986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3755447566509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3738399147987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.36918580532073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.33685237169265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32582759857177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14790639281272888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5676337480545044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.5196248888969421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5088236927986145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3755447566509247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3738399147987366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.36918580532073975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.33685237169265747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32582759857177734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14790639281272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3485457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3485457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3485457","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3485457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4757469269","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFC2400201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8268985916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020KT006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330315","funder_display_name":"National Institute for Medical Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8816888391","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC2404904","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330315","display_name":"National Institute for Medical Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05fjs7w98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26513118","https://openalex.org/W578586814","https://openalex.org/W1791593183","https://openalex.org/W1865127258","https://openalex.org/W1971211316","https://openalex.org/W2003687987","https://openalex.org/W2013714124","https://openalex.org/W2042725113","https://openalex.org/W2058907415","https://openalex.org/W2059816221","https://openalex.org/W2073890493","https://openalex.org/W2093770717","https://openalex.org/W2097151815","https://openalex.org/W2099534693","https://openalex.org/W2115545651","https://openalex.org/W2137868808","https://openalex.org/W2144835140","https://openalex.org/W2548163850","https://openalex.org/W2555363371","https://openalex.org/W2593036896","https://openalex.org/W2764055137","https://openalex.org/W2922036448","https://openalex.org/W2952554733","https://openalex.org/W2983962395","https://openalex.org/W2997094537","https://openalex.org/W3006305885","https://openalex.org/W3030825782","https://openalex.org/W3125314327","https://openalex.org/W4220869973","https://openalex.org/W4283767834","https://openalex.org/W4313186483","https://openalex.org/W4319431597","https://openalex.org/W4320161683","https://openalex.org/W4320905491","https://openalex.org/W4382501343","https://openalex.org/W4386631364","https://openalex.org/W4386762041","https://openalex.org/W6686394274"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382997850","https://openalex.org/W2390968135","https://openalex.org/W2382213751","https://openalex.org/W2351750670","https://openalex.org/W1597848696","https://openalex.org/W2354715126","https://openalex.org/W2388563748","https://openalex.org/W2375179084","https://openalex.org/W2366646518","https://openalex.org/W2370906336"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,91],"temperature":[1,39,53,68,73,97,103,116,134,153,170],"rise":[2,40,54,135],"effect":[3,100,136],"caused":[4],"by":[5,78],"a":[6,114,131],"time-varying":[7],"magnetic":[8,88,121,128,141],"field":[9,89,122,129],"in":[10],"an":[11,32],"MRI":[12],"scanner":[13],"on":[14,56,101,169],"active":[15],"implantable":[16],"medical":[17],"devices":[18],"(AIMDs)":[19],"is":[20,31,155],"related":[21],"to":[22,35,113],"the":[23,38,42,46,52,57,63,67,72,76,95,102,106,125,138,145,148,151,158,164,180],"safety":[24],"of":[25,41,48,51,66,75,105,166,179],"patients.":[26],"A":[27,108],"reasonable":[28],"experimental":[29],"design":[30],"important":[33],"step":[34],"objectively":[36],"evaluate":[37],"equipment.":[43],"To":[44],"clarify":[45],"influence":[47,165],"key":[49],"parameters":[50],"experiment":[55],"results,":[58],"this":[59],"work":[60],"theoretically":[61],"modeled":[62],"physical":[64],"mechanism":[65],"increase":[69,74,104,154,171],"and":[70,87,185],"studied":[71],"device":[77,149],"experiments":[79],"under":[80],"different":[81],"initial":[82,96],"system":[83],"temperatures,":[84],"gel":[85,110],"thicknesses,":[86],"waveforms.":[90],"results":[92],"show":[93],"that":[94,163],"has":[98,130,150],"no":[99],"device.":[107],"thicker":[109],"thickness":[111],"corresponds":[112],"smaller":[115],"increase.":[117],"Under":[118],"identical":[119],"effective":[120],"switching":[123],"rates,":[124],"sine":[126],"wave":[127,140],"significantly":[132],"stronger":[133],"than":[137],"triangular":[139],"field.":[142],"In":[143],"addition,":[144],"point":[146],"where":[147],"largest":[152],"located":[156],"near":[157],"battery.":[159],"This":[160],"result":[161],"indicates":[162],"these":[167],"factors":[168],"must":[172],"be":[173],"thoroughly":[174],"considered":[175],"during":[176],"all":[177],"phases":[178],"device\u2019s":[181],"design,":[182],"development,":[183],"testing,":[184],"evaluation.":[186]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}