{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403278676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3476571","title":"A New Distance Metric Based on Bias-Variance Tradeoff for Wireless Fingerprinting","display_name":"A New Distance Metric Based on Bias-Variance Tradeoff for Wireless Fingerprinting","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403278676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3476571"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3476571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3476571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012663495","display_name":"Ai Hui Tan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","display_name":"Multimedia University","ror":"https://ror.org/04zrbnc33","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ai Hui Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6926-3867","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Cyberjaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012663495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80024627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6438168883323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6170458197593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variance","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","score":0.5412421226501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5405591130256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35085612535476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.331059992313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3214242458343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18632715940475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18611669540405273}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6438168883323669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6170458197593689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5412421226501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5405591130256653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35085612535476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.331059992313385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3214242458343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18632715940475464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18611669540405273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3476571","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3476571","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:shdl.mmu.edu.my:13063","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196753","display_name":"Siti Hasmah Digital Library-MMU Institutiona Repository (Multimedia University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I173029219","host_organization_name":"Multimedia University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173029219"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3445901433","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRGS/1/2024/TK08/MMU/01/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1142712111","https://openalex.org/W1546350490","https://openalex.org/W1995590662","https://openalex.org/W2035136797","https://openalex.org/W2108126247","https://openalex.org/W2143243918","https://openalex.org/W2408343751","https://openalex.org/W2582846117","https://openalex.org/W2741326167","https://openalex.org/W2787516708","https://openalex.org/W2912619267","https://openalex.org/W2964029185","https://openalex.org/W2970475706","https://openalex.org/W2972174142","https://openalex.org/W2984911743","https://openalex.org/W2988481796","https://openalex.org/W3022221894","https://openalex.org/W3025954500","https://openalex.org/W3033595598","https://openalex.org/W3089147501","https://openalex.org/W3108261254","https://openalex.org/W3156444033","https://openalex.org/W3194254761","https://openalex.org/W4206781424","https://openalex.org/W4214485077","https://openalex.org/W4214855875","https://openalex.org/W4247940767","https://openalex.org/W4308866994","https://openalex.org/W4318464351","https://openalex.org/W4378697511","https://openalex.org/W4386736904","https://openalex.org/W4388561659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W2989452537","https://openalex.org/W2052122378","https://openalex.org/W2544423928","https://openalex.org/W1563551083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,28,50,91,105,109,159,174,178],"new":[4],"distance":[5],"metric":[6,24,99,103,168,172],"for":[7,215],"indoor":[8,213],"positioning":[9,214],"based":[10,34],"on":[11,35],"wireless":[12],"fingerprinting,":[13],"referred":[14],"to":[15,64,100,134,169,210],"as":[16,78,80],"the":[17,36,56,69,75,81,94,97,101,112,122,135,140,146,163,166,170,181,188,208,216],"weighted":[18],"bias-variance":[19,39],"(WBV)":[20],"metric.":[21],"The":[22,59,197,202],"WBV":[23,102,171],"is":[25,32,49],"parameterized":[26],"by":[27,68,200],"single":[29],"parameter":[30],"that":[31],"adjusted":[33],"concept":[37],"of":[38,71,121,125,142,187,191,219],"tradeoff,":[40],"making":[41],"it":[42],"highly":[43],"effective":[44],"in":[45,55,74,111,180,205],"scenarios":[46],"where":[47],"there":[48],"network":[51,106],"reconfiguration":[52,107],"or":[53],"change":[54,176],"environmental":[57],"layout.":[58],"optimal":[60],"setting":[61],"was":[62,144,149],"found":[63],"be":[65],"minimally":[66],"affected":[67],"number":[70,141],"nearest":[72],"neighbors":[73],"estimation":[76],"algorithm":[77],"well":[79],"access":[82],"point":[83],"(AP)":[84],"selection":[85],"schemes.":[86],"In":[87,155],"an":[88],"experiment":[89,157],"at":[90,158],"university":[92,160],"library,":[93],"switch":[95,164],"from":[96,165],"Manhattan":[98,167],"after":[104,173],"achieved":[108],"reduction":[110,148,179],"mean":[113],"position":[114],"error":[115,123,189],"(MPE),":[116],"standard":[117,183],"deviation":[118],"and":[119,128,152,185,194],"median":[120,186],"distribution":[124,190],"34.9%,":[126],"22.1%,":[127],"41.5%,":[129],"respectively,":[130],"with":[131],"negligible":[132],"changes":[133],"floor":[136],"accuracy":[137,206],"(FA).":[138],"When":[139],"APs":[143],"reduced,":[145],"corresponding":[147],"42.7%,":[150],"35.5%,":[151],"46.3%,":[153],"respectively.":[154,196],"another":[156],"faculty":[161],"building,":[162],"layout":[175],"attained":[177],"MPE,":[182],"deviation,":[184],"55.1%,":[192],"62.6%,":[193],"23.1%,":[195],"FA":[198],"improved":[199],"22.2%.":[201],"drastic":[203],"improvement":[204],"has":[207],"potential":[209],"significantly":[211],"advance":[212],"ubiquitous":[217],"Internet":[218],"Things.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}