{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403123399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3472852","title":"Design of a Semiconductor-Based Proton Spectrometer for Laser-Driven Sources Applications","display_name":"Design of a Semiconductor-Based Proton Spectrometer for Laser-Driven Sources Applications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403123399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3472852"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3472852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3472852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3472852","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101403466","display_name":"Francesco Gatti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-1155"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Gatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-1155","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022085746","display_name":"Francesco Mirani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9789-0075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Mirani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9789-0075","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067372284","display_name":"Dario Rastelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8157-9377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","display_name":"University of Bergamo","ror":"https://ror.org/02mbd5571","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dario Rastelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Raylab s.r.l., Bergamo, Italy","Raylab s.r.l., Caravaggio, Bergamo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8157-9377","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raylab s.r.l., Bergamo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Raylab s.r.l., Caravaggio, Bergamo, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016950236","display_name":"D. Mazzucconi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-4920"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Mazzucconi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2001-4920","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012584076","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Henares","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-4839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150328","display_name":"Spanish Center for Pulsed Lasers","ror":"https://ror.org/03pp6gj92","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150328"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Henares","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Salamanca, Spain","Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8990-4839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019734679","display_name":"Antonia Morabito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-6087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150328","display_name":"Spanish Center for Pulsed Lasers","ror":"https://ror.org/03pp6gj92","country_code":"ES","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150328"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonia Morabito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Salamanca, Spain","Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-6087","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro de Láseres Pulsados (CLPU), Villamayor, Salamanca, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150328"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037120879","display_name":"A. Pola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-7089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Pola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9570-7089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064721109","display_name":"M. Passoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-3691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Passoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7844-3691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101403466"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2003,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.51887246,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12760","display_name":"Laser Design and Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12760","display_name":"Laser Design and Applications","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10566","display_name":"Laser-Matter Interactions and Applications","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrometer","display_name":"Spectrometer","score":0.7160441279411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor","display_name":"Semiconductor","score":0.5576531291007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.5518006086349487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5323069095611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proton","display_name":"Proton","score":0.530833899974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4673756957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-laser-theory","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","score":0.4181216061115265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.3333340883255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3201579451560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2815537452697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-physics","display_name":"Nuclear physics","score":0.2112484872341156}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33390570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188463","display_name":"Spectrometer","level":2,"score":0.7160441279411316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108225325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11456","display_name":"Semiconductor","level":2,"score":0.5576531291007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.5518006086349487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5323069095611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54516573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294","display_name":"Proton","level":2,"score":0.530833899974823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4673756957054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.4181216061115265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3333340883255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3201579451560974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2815537452697754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185544564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81197","display_name":"Nuclear physics","level":1,"score":0.2112484872341156}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3472852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3472852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1276204","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1276204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3472852","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3472852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338335","display_name":"H2020 European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964946585","https://openalex.org/W1972199097","https://openalex.org/W1973740340","https://openalex.org/W1979663716","https://openalex.org/W1982381330","https://openalex.org/W1987436864","https://openalex.org/W1989505520","https://openalex.org/W1990869665","https://openalex.org/W2028463678","https://openalex.org/W2028602705","https://openalex.org/W2042202050","https://openalex.org/W2042970742","https://openalex.org/W2059144383","https://openalex.org/W2064132511","https://openalex.org/W2075358194","https://openalex.org/W2079315586","https://openalex.org/W2089877572","https://openalex.org/W2090071143","https://openalex.org/W2102854492","https://openalex.org/W2157067184","https://openalex.org/W2274929710","https://openalex.org/W2530726738","https://openalex.org/W2598886914","https://openalex.org/W2603384612","https://openalex.org/W2789454602","https://openalex.org/W2920495164","https://openalex.org/W2934800396","https://openalex.org/W2989165129","https://openalex.org/W3006467028","https://openalex.org/W3007736915","https://openalex.org/W3042550959","https://openalex.org/W3047336852","https://openalex.org/W3085849249","https://openalex.org/W3093342247","https://openalex.org/W3115370323","https://openalex.org/W3118322263","https://openalex.org/W3158805702","https://openalex.org/W3195119664","https://openalex.org/W3196249898","https://openalex.org/W3208057947","https://openalex.org/W3217484465","https://openalex.org/W4224312928","https://openalex.org/W4321189473","https://openalex.org/W4362663517","https://openalex.org/W4379880681","https://openalex.org/W4383905029","https://openalex.org/W4391579916"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1615230877","https://openalex.org/W256685106","https://openalex.org/W4244513755","https://openalex.org/W2529526490","https://openalex.org/W1988942675","https://openalex.org/W2065686537","https://openalex.org/W2065792876","https://openalex.org/W2024980269","https://openalex.org/W4253707566","https://openalex.org/W2034252408"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Laser-driven":[0],"proton":[1,64,124,231],"sources":[2,38,65],"are":[3,128,161],"attracting":[4],"increasing":[5],"interest":[6],"because":[7],"of":[8,27,36,53,115,136,167,194,222],"their":[9,43,67,85],"promising":[10],"uses":[11],"in":[12,169,201,234],"several":[13,40],"fields,":[14],"from":[15],"basic":[16],"science":[17],"to":[18,42,76,84,93,111,141,150,163],"materials":[19],"analysis.":[20],"Applications":[21],"require":[22],"quantitative":[23],"and":[24,66,97,119,130,154,225],"accurate":[25],"measurements":[26],"the":[28,33,51,78,99,113,134,143,152,156,165,184,188,191,195,219,223],"laser-driven":[29,172,230],"particle":[30,173],"spectra.":[31],"However,":[32],"peculiar":[34],"features":[35],"these":[37],"pose":[39],"challenges":[41],"in-depth":[44],"characterization.":[45],"In":[46],"this":[47],"work,":[48],"we":[49],"present":[50],"design":[52],"a":[54,73,106,120,170,198,202,229],"spectrometer":[55],"based":[56],"on":[57,61],"silicon":[58],"photodiodes,":[59],"focusing":[60],"TW-class":[62],"laser":[63,204],"foreseen":[68],"applications.":[69,103],"The":[70,87,158,176],"device":[71,224],"comprises":[72],"dipole":[74],"magnet":[75,88],"deflect":[77],"ions":[79,118],"along":[80],"different":[81],"trajectories":[82],"according":[83],"energies.":[86],"can":[89],"also":[90,216],"be":[91],"removed":[92],"avoid":[94],"beam":[95,232],"deflection":[96],"make":[98],"particles":[100],"available":[101],"for":[102,123],"We":[104,145],"exploit":[105],"finely":[107],"shaped":[108],"differential":[109],"filter":[110],"cut":[112],"contribution":[114],"unwanted":[116],"heavy":[117],"photodiode":[121],"array":[122],"detection.":[125],"These":[126],"elements":[127],"described":[129],"experimentally":[131],"characterized,":[132],"allowing":[133],"development":[135],"an":[137],"analytical":[138],"description":[139],"useful":[140],"size":[142],"instrument.":[144],"perform":[146],"Monte":[147,180],"Carlo":[148,181],"simulations":[149,182],"validate":[151],"model":[153],"calibrate":[155],"system.":[157],"retrieved":[159],"data":[160],"used":[162],"simulate":[164],"detection":[166],"protons":[168],"typical":[171],"acceleration":[174],"experiment.":[175],"spectrum":[177],"reconstructed":[178],"by":[179],"well-matches":[183],"distribution":[185],"provided":[186],"as":[187,228],"source,":[189],"demonstrating":[190],"founding":[192],"principles":[193],"spectrometer.":[196],"Finally,":[197],"first":[199],"test":[200],"real":[203],"environment":[205],"at":[206],"Centro":[207],"de":[208],"L\u00e1seres":[209],"Pulsados":[210],"(1":[211],"PW":[212],"VEGA-3":[213],"laser)":[214],"is":[215],"presented,":[217],"showing":[218],"full":[220],"response":[221],"its":[226],"potential":[227],"monitor":[233],"application-oriented":[235],"scenarios.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}