{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402592825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3463030","title":"A Novel Nonlinear Dynamic Measure for Early Detection of Bearing Fault Using Weighted Squared Envelope-Based Symbolic Lempel-Ziv Complexity","display_name":"A Novel Nonlinear Dynamic Measure for Early Detection of Bearing Fault Using Weighted Squared Envelope-Based Symbolic Lempel-Ziv Complexity","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402592825","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3463030"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3463030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3463030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053781798","display_name":"Khandaker Noman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-344X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khandaker Noman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-344X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114429810","display_name":"Usman Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1504-8106"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1504-8106","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100665121","display_name":"Yongbo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-9951"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-9951","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100424622","display_name":"Shun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-6220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-6220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xian, Shanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107487475","display_name":"Anayet U. Patwari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-0062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59805279","display_name":"Islamic University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/057gnqw22","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anayet U. Patwari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4890-0062","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Islamic University of Technology, Gazipur, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59805279"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043165214","display_name":"Anil Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-1657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146620803","display_name":"Wenzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hxh324","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6675-1657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146620803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3304,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88691283,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"16"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9873999953269958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","score":0.6522411704063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measure","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","score":0.6363083124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.571273148059845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.5461900234222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5454912185668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.45921018719673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45748960971832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bearing","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","score":0.4394095242023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.41759130358695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3486856520175934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.331756055355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.2468101680278778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11707299947738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11221379041671753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.6522411704063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.6363083124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.571273148059845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.5461900234222412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5454912185668945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.45921018719673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45748960971832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199978012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273815","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.4394095242023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.41759130358695984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3486856520175934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.331756055355072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2468101680278778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11707299947738647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11221379041671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3463030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3463030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1314423059","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"WGXZ2023179L","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2198795442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52250410345","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5620476505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52472457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G942247696","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12172290","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1862394037","https://openalex.org/W1967352108","https://openalex.org/W1974543974","https://openalex.org/W1985002319","https://openalex.org/W2014683958","https://openalex.org/W2025037350","https://openalex.org/W2028119131","https://openalex.org/W2060540122","https://openalex.org/W2077532788","https://openalex.org/W2077770566","https://openalex.org/W2078731979","https://openalex.org/W2079430658","https://openalex.org/W2086315826","https://openalex.org/W2155013614","https://openalex.org/W2333775360","https://openalex.org/W2360191318","https://openalex.org/W2516154524","https://openalex.org/W2556345765","https://openalex.org/W2575828067","https://openalex.org/W2667741456","https://openalex.org/W2735823605","https://openalex.org/W2751313953","https://openalex.org/W2767809796","https://openalex.org/W2810993408","https://openalex.org/W2898311111","https://openalex.org/W2904460913","https://openalex.org/W2944777941","https://openalex.org/W3004647970","https://openalex.org/W3006388671","https://openalex.org/W3011208721","https://openalex.org/W3013476128","https://openalex.org/W3027037194","https://openalex.org/W3046009407","https://openalex.org/W3093868050","https://openalex.org/W3110138466","https://openalex.org/W3110782243","https://openalex.org/W3119685096","https://openalex.org/W3123413088","https://openalex.org/W3155703044","https://openalex.org/W3158410226","https://openalex.org/W3194883501","https://openalex.org/W4200062369","https://openalex.org/W4200554313","https://openalex.org/W4236384267","https://openalex.org/W4285252762","https://openalex.org/W4386472875","https://openalex.org/W4387415242","https://openalex.org/W4391450442","https://openalex.org/W6708846754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255837520","https://openalex.org/W2035937180","https://openalex.org/W2387011115","https://openalex.org/W3196220745","https://openalex.org/W2073227694","https://openalex.org/W2575656761","https://openalex.org/W2065631063","https://openalex.org/W2378667342","https://openalex.org/W2594567802","https://openalex.org/W2363739414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lempel-Ziv":[0,132],"complexity":[1,92,192],"(LZC)":[2],"stands":[3],"out":[4],"as":[5,188,190],"a":[6,47,71,119],"promising":[7],"nonlinear":[8],"measure":[9,127,180],"for":[10,149],"monitoring":[11],"bearing":[12,48,72,166],"health":[13],"status.":[14],"However,":[15],"during":[16],"the":[17,40,51,78,82,91,94,99,105,115,125,153,160,169],"early":[18],"stage":[19],"of":[20,37,54,61,81,93,152,172],"fault":[21,28,49,73,167],"inception":[22,173],"in":[23,63,87],"real-life":[24],"applications,":[25],"small":[26],"amplitude-bearing":[27],"impulses":[29,68],"get":[30],"submerged":[31],"under":[32],"unwanted":[33],"environmental":[34],"noise.":[35],"Because":[36],"this":[38,59,64,123],"reason,":[39],"original":[41,106],"LZC":[42,107,197],"algorithm":[43,108],"fails":[44],"to":[45,57,70,89,109,118,143],"detect":[46],"at":[50,168],"earliest":[52,170],"point":[53,171],"inception.":[55],"Aiming":[56],"overcome":[58],"limitation":[60],"LZC,":[62],"research,":[65],"first,":[66],"transient":[67],"corresponding":[69],"are":[74],"extracted":[75],"by":[76,113],"weighting":[77],"squared":[79,96],"envelope":[80,97],"collected":[83],"vibration":[84],"signal.":[85],"Then,":[86],"order":[88],"quantify":[90],"weighted":[95],"(WSE),":[98],"symbolization":[100,117],"process":[101],"is":[102,128],"incorporated":[103],"into":[104],"enhance":[110],"its":[111],"performance":[112,150],"changing":[114],"binary":[116],"multisymbolization":[120],"phenomenon.":[121],"In":[122],"context,":[124],"proposed":[126,154,161],"termed":[129],"WSE-based":[130],"symbolic":[131,196],"(WSE-SLZ)":[133],"complexity.":[134],"One":[135],"synthetic":[136],"simulation":[137],"model":[138],"and":[139,184],"two":[140],"different":[141],"runs":[142],"failure-bearing":[144],"data":[145],"have":[146],"been":[147],"used":[148],"verification":[151],"WSE-SLZ":[155,162],"method.":[156],"Results":[157],"show":[158],"that":[159],"not":[163],"only":[164],"detects":[165],"but":[174],"also":[175],"performs":[176],"better":[177],"than":[178],"conventional":[179],"Mahalanobis":[181],"distance":[182],"(MD)":[183],"permutation":[185],"entropy":[186],"(PE),":[187],"well":[189],"advanced":[191],"calculation":[193],"method,":[194],"namely,":[195],"(SLZC).":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}