{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402436835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3457940","title":"A Laser-Based Calibration-Free Water-Cut Meter","display_name":"A Laser-Based Calibration-Free Water-Cut Meter","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402436835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3457940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3457940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3457940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042291700","display_name":"Mhanna Mhanna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3154-9966"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mhanna Mhanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066577573","display_name":"Vijay Ramakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-5304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62856769","display_name":"Saudi Aramco (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035n7q728","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143841","https://openalex.org/I62856769"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Ramakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aramco Americas, Houston, TX, USA","Aramco Americas, Houston, Texas, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aramco Americas, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62856769"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aramco Americas, Houston, Texas, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62856769"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019372388","display_name":"Muhammad Arsalan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1502-8247"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143841","display_name":"Saudi Aramco (Saudi Arabia)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypap427","country_code":"SA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143841"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Arsalan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center-Advanced Research Center (EXPEC-ARC), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center -Advanced Research Center (EXPEC-ARC), Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center-Advanced Research Center (EXPEC-ARC), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center -Advanced Research Center (EXPEC-ARC), Saudi Aramco, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143841"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051525030","display_name":"Aamir Farooq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5296-2197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center-Advanced Research Center (EXPEC-ARC), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exploration and Petroleum Engineering Center-Advanced Research Center (EXPEC-ARC), Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042291700"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61138505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12537","display_name":"Flow Measurement and Analysis","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9810000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12697","display_name":"Water Quality Monitoring Technologies","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.7501566410064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metre","display_name":"Metre","score":0.6171178817749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.5504400730133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.48044583201408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4803794026374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.29478782415390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.18403172492980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13980194926261902}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.7501566410064697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151011524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11573","display_name":"Metre","level":2,"score":0.6171178817749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.5504400730133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.48044583201408386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4803794026374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.29478782415390015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.18403172492980957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13980194926261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3457940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3457940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973728563","https://openalex.org/W2003499941","https://openalex.org/W2021648469","https://openalex.org/W2034712224","https://openalex.org/W2051011535","https://openalex.org/W2055815947","https://openalex.org/W2072803198","https://openalex.org/W2077717018","https://openalex.org/W2090437031","https://openalex.org/W2114722820","https://openalex.org/W2123866296","https://openalex.org/W2148728346","https://openalex.org/W2157644990","https://openalex.org/W2167636384","https://openalex.org/W2317442729","https://openalex.org/W2322940458","https://openalex.org/W2415541034","https://openalex.org/W2515085069","https://openalex.org/W2625856703","https://openalex.org/W2789193089","https://openalex.org/W2913633124","https://openalex.org/W2966283237","https://openalex.org/W3032987943","https://openalex.org/W3089319079","https://openalex.org/W3096245888","https://openalex.org/W4200599926","https://openalex.org/W4205942127","https://openalex.org/W4281635645","https://openalex.org/W4297236283","https://openalex.org/W4308888213","https://openalex.org/W4312158845","https://openalex.org/W4317242663","https://openalex.org/W4318338120","https://openalex.org/W4383892401","https://openalex.org/W4385315474","https://openalex.org/W4385666646","https://openalex.org/W4387767117","https://openalex.org/W4392985228","https://openalex.org/W6804773379","https://openalex.org/W6908511582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121524756","https://openalex.org/W782553550","https://openalex.org/W2808013962","https://openalex.org/W1987967678","https://openalex.org/W2633218168","https://openalex.org/W4235897794","https://openalex.org/W2059707233","https://openalex.org/W2356507234","https://openalex.org/W2808656980","https://openalex.org/W2095126257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Accurate":[0],"inline":[1],"measurement":[2],"of":[3,52,72,129,175],"water-cut":[4,18,40],"(WC)":[5],"in":[6,101,111,144,179],"crude-oil":[7,58],"production":[8],"is":[9],"essential":[10],"for":[11,56],"effective":[12],"well":[13,61],"and":[14,28,105,131,151,155,177,182],"reservoir":[15],"management.":[16],"Existing":[17],"meters":[19,41],"typically":[20],"require":[21,48],"well-specific":[22],"calibration":[23],"which":[24],"can":[25],"be":[26,169],"time-consuming":[27],"challenging,":[29],"especially":[30],"when":[31],"servicing":[32],"multiple":[33],"wells":[34],"or":[35,60],"commingled":[36],"lines.":[37],"For":[38],"example,":[39],"based":[42],"on":[43,85],"near-infrared":[44],"(NIR)":[45],"absorption":[46,93],"spectroscopy":[47],"a":[49,73,78,120],"priori":[50],"knowledge":[51],"oil":[53,86],"absorbance":[54],"spectra":[55],"each":[57],"type":[59],"site.":[62],"To":[63,115],"address":[64],"this":[65,67],"issue,":[66],"article":[68],"describes":[69],"the":[70,83,102,112,117,158,173,180],"development":[71],"NIR":[74],"laser-based":[75],"device":[76],"with":[77,148],"novel":[79],"algorithm":[80],"that":[81],"removes":[82],"dependence":[84],"calibration.":[87],"The":[88,133,163],"developed":[89],"sensor":[90,118,134,164],"probes":[91],"water":[92,99,109,130],"lines":[94],"near":[95],"5000":[96],"cm\u22121":[97,107],"(for":[98,108],"cut":[100,110],"range":[103,113,160],"0%\u201310%)":[104],"7000":[106],"10%\u2013100%).":[114],"validate":[116],"performance,":[119],"benchtop":[121],"flow-loop":[122],"was":[123,135,165],"built":[124],"to":[125,137,168,172,183],"circulate":[126],"known":[127],"mixtures":[128],"oil.":[132],"demonstrated":[136],"work":[138],"accurately":[139],"(\u00b15%":[140],"absolute,":[141],"95th":[142],"percentile)":[143],"oil-water":[145],"(OW)":[146],"flows":[147],"light":[149],"oils":[150],"oil-substitutes":[152],"(glycol,":[153],"gasoline,":[154],"diesel)":[156],"over":[157],"full":[159],"(0%\u2013100%)":[161],"water-cut.":[162],"also":[166],"found":[167],"quite":[170],"immune":[171],"presence":[174],"salt":[176],"sand":[178],"flow,":[181],"process-temperature":[184],"variations.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}