{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401879327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3449963","title":"A Simple Approach for Simultaneous Measurement of Instantaneous Frequency and Angle of Arrival","display_name":"A Simple Approach for Simultaneous Measurement of Instantaneous Frequency and Angle of Arrival","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401879327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3449963"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3449963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3449963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083046241","display_name":"Ruiqiong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9565-9433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqiong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9565-9433","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015995416","display_name":"Yangyu Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0689-5418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyu Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0689-5418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013385339","display_name":"Weile Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6015-9804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weile Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6015-9804","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040642626","display_name":"Jiajun Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0008-835X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0008-835X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064243527","display_name":"Xiaoyan Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8265-0952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyan Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8265-0952","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060935396","display_name":"Yongsheng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0388-0096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0388-0096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98354285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9089999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9089999794960022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.9004999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.6378288865089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.5922034978866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4794553518295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.40566694736480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.38458752632141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.36794760823249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23940664529800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1777077317237854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6378288865089417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.5922034978866577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4794553518295288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40566694736480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.38458752632141113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.36794760823249817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23940664529800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1777077317237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3449963","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3449963","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2801125144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301437","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6298354452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6647103049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024GX-YBXM-080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334010","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334010","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499739822","https://openalex.org/W1675714854","https://openalex.org/W1966529494","https://openalex.org/W1969385378","https://openalex.org/W1969427474","https://openalex.org/W1987736400","https://openalex.org/W2054596592","https://openalex.org/W2099343181","https://openalex.org/W2114165767","https://openalex.org/W2120526604","https://openalex.org/W2125163426","https://openalex.org/W2130079712","https://openalex.org/W2139272402","https://openalex.org/W2151093159","https://openalex.org/W2164768307","https://openalex.org/W2171904356","https://openalex.org/W2486722524","https://openalex.org/W2761422534","https://openalex.org/W2903444845","https://openalex.org/W2938341190","https://openalex.org/W2954657297","https://openalex.org/W2977763231","https://openalex.org/W2980710872","https://openalex.org/W3003872970","https://openalex.org/W3008245316","https://openalex.org/W3147919432","https://openalex.org/W3170419690","https://openalex.org/W3193527686","https://openalex.org/W4225747940","https://openalex.org/W4281396482","https://openalex.org/W4286375850","https://openalex.org/W4296915203","https://openalex.org/W4310699664","https://openalex.org/W4385413309","https://openalex.org/W4388734520","https://openalex.org/W4390873754","https://openalex.org/W4396766952"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W2298861036","https://openalex.org/W2271181815"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"microwave":[1],"photonic":[2],"instantaneous":[3,50],"frequency":[4,51,72,105],"and":[5,19,33,98,122],"angle":[6],"of":[7,90,107,118],"arrival":[8],"(AOA)":[9],"measurement":[10,52,73,79,93,101],"method":[11],"based":[12],"on":[13],"a":[14,26,127],"Sagnac":[15],"loop":[16],"is":[17,42,54,94,110],"proposed":[18],"demonstrated":[20],"in":[21,103,131],"this":[22],"article.":[23],"By":[24,60],"establishing":[25],"monotonic":[27],"relationship":[28],"between":[29],"the":[30,34,49,62,65,71,78,86,91,99,104,116],"phase":[31,87],"difference":[32,88],"dc":[35],"amplitude,":[36],"an":[37],"amplitude":[38],"comparison":[39],"function":[40],"(ACF)":[41],"constructed":[43],"to":[44],"achieve":[45],"AOA":[46,92],"measurement.":[47],"Meanwhile,":[48],"(IFM)":[53],"achieved":[55],"by":[56],"introducing":[57],"optical":[58,63],"delay.":[59],"adjusting":[61],"delay,":[64],"scheme":[66,114],"can":[67],"not":[68],"only":[69],"tune":[70],"range":[74,106],"but":[75],"also":[76],"increase":[77],"accuracy.":[80],"The":[81,113],"experiment":[82],"results":[83],"prove":[84],"that":[85],"error":[89,102],"less":[95],"than":[96],"1\u00b0,":[97],"IFM":[100],"0.5\u201336":[108],"GHz":[109],"\u00b10.2":[111],"GHz.":[112],"has":[115,126],"characteristics":[117],"multifunction,":[119],"simple":[120],"structure,":[121],"large":[123],"bandwidth,":[124],"it":[125],"great":[128],"competitive":[129],"advantage":[130],"future":[132],"electronic":[133],"applications.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}