{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399118927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3406823","title":"Ultralow-Frequency Biomechanical Energy Scavenging and Human Activity Recognition at Different Positions Using a Multifunctional Wearable Energy Harvester","display_name":"Ultralow-Frequency Biomechanical Energy Scavenging and Human Activity Recognition at Different Positions Using a Multifunctional Wearable Energy Harvester","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399118927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3406823"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3406823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3406823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044396511","display_name":"Shuyu Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-6962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shuyu Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9002-6962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066182815","display_name":"Mengyao Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9997-964X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyao Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9997-964X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030047758","display_name":"Yushan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6899-9386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6899-9386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029708834","display_name":"Dibo Hou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dibo Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3948-9072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101846641","display_name":"Guangxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-5360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7806-5360","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039706853","display_name":"Yunqi Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-0931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqi Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8063-0931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, College of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Control Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044396511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1904,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79179688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.979200005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9790999889373779,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13382","display_name":"Robotics and Automated Systems","score":0.9473999738693237,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.7382395267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.6417776346206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.6369869112968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.4793025553226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.433319091796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3461132049560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.276253879070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.0930391252040863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.7382395267486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.6417776346206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.6369869112968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.4793025553226471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.433319091796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3461132049560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.276253879070282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0930391252040863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3406823","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3406823","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2546782515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62273304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2600243670","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20519","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6964588740","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023R401198","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338466","funder_display_name":"Zhejiang Xinmiao Talents Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338466","display_name":"Zhejiang Xinmiao Talents Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1955774372","https://openalex.org/W2192417683","https://openalex.org/W2512445861","https://openalex.org/W2552493031","https://openalex.org/W2603999607","https://openalex.org/W2737420401","https://openalex.org/W2763219399","https://openalex.org/W2790084953","https://openalex.org/W2791916562","https://openalex.org/W2792356572","https://openalex.org/W2794229138","https://openalex.org/W2794996297","https://openalex.org/W2890858549","https://openalex.org/W2901732990","https://openalex.org/W2902711481","https://openalex.org/W2904575651","https://openalex.org/W2911634902","https://openalex.org/W2912968994","https://openalex.org/W2914207197","https://openalex.org/W2935705070","https://openalex.org/W2947555664","https://openalex.org/W2966271759","https://openalex.org/W2968516859","https://openalex.org/W2968769211","https://openalex.org/W2971445397","https://openalex.org/W2981207688","https://openalex.org/W2983884821","https://openalex.org/W2995356211","https://openalex.org/W2998563220","https://openalex.org/W3007351547","https://openalex.org/W3014751884","https://openalex.org/W3021883846","https://openalex.org/W3034187778","https://openalex.org/W3036141043","https://openalex.org/W3044313973","https://openalex.org/W3084483369","https://openalex.org/W3085152085","https://openalex.org/W3093515929","https://openalex.org/W3095690964","https://openalex.org/W3097439228","https://openalex.org/W3114146228","https://openalex.org/W3119220830","https://openalex.org/W3120783285","https://openalex.org/W3121728229","https://openalex.org/W3133513496","https://openalex.org/W3151803792","https://openalex.org/W3153788288","https://openalex.org/W3175943243","https://openalex.org/W3196100747","https://openalex.org/W3201547001","https://openalex.org/W4205166175","https://openalex.org/W4206190104","https://openalex.org/W4214762175","https://openalex.org/W4280578802","https://openalex.org/W4282024246","https://openalex.org/W4283741024","https://openalex.org/W4286254573","https://openalex.org/W4310350708","https://openalex.org/W4367016909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W2514492205","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2566010174","https://openalex.org/W2566526749","https://openalex.org/W2805827740","https://openalex.org/W2907667791","https://openalex.org/W3047461507","https://openalex.org/W3126390843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,53,73,128,173],"variety":[2],"of":[3,22,76,90,111,145,210,232,239],"wearable":[4,37,240],"electronics":[5],"with":[6,13,100,226],"different":[7,63,106],"functions":[8],"have":[9],"emerged,":[10],"multifunctional":[11,36,212],"devices":[12],"self-powered":[14,54],"nature":[15],"are":[16,175,214],"desired":[17],"for":[18,57,81],"solving":[19],"both":[20],"problems":[21],"the":[23,109,187,192,221,227,236],"tighter":[24],"on-body":[25],"wearing":[26],"space":[27],"and":[28,52,85,105,108,122,156,167,180,195,218,245],"energy":[29,40,49,83,116,133,229],"budget.":[30],"Herein,":[31],"we":[32],"propose":[33],"an":[34,46],"eccentric-rotor-based":[35],"electromagnetic":[38],"vibration":[39,78],"harvester":[41],"(EMVEH)":[42],"to":[43,98,135,150,242],"function":[44],"as":[45],"ultralow-frequency":[47],"biomechanical":[48],"scavenging":[50,84,230],"device":[51],"motion":[55,87],"sensor":[56],"human":[58,86,152],"activity":[59],"recognition":[60],"(HAR)":[61],"at":[62,164,169,191],"positions,":[64],"respectively.":[65],"Kinetic":[66,115],"simulations":[67],"based":[68],"on":[69,138,172],"Euler-Lagrange":[70],"equations":[71],"provide":[72],"detailed":[74],"understanding":[75],"its":[77,96],"pick-up":[79],"performance":[80,224],"effective":[82],"sensing.":[88],"Results":[89],"comprehensive":[91],"bench":[92],"tests":[93],"further":[94],"verify":[95],"adaptability":[97],"excitations":[99],"ultralow":[101],"frequencies":[102],"(<5":[103],"Hz)":[104],"directions,":[107],"capability":[110,231],"mechanical":[112],"excitation":[113],"perception.":[114],"in":[117,142,148],"limb":[118],"motions":[119],"during":[120],"walking":[121,163],"running":[123,168],"has":[124],"been":[125],"scavenged":[126],"by":[127,177],"fabricated":[129],"prototype":[130,188],"into":[131],"electric":[132],"up":[134],"221.49":[136],"\u03bcW":[137],"average,":[139],"whereas":[140],"variations":[141],"multiple-feature-based":[143],"profiles":[144],"output":[146],"voltages":[147],"response":[149],"these":[151,178],"activities":[153],"reflect":[154],"repeatable":[155],"human-activity-related":[157],"voltage":[158],"patterns.":[159],"On":[160],"this":[161,211],"basis,":[162],"2\u20134":[165],"km/h":[166,171],"4\u20138":[170],"treadmill":[174],"recognized":[176],"features":[179],"trained":[181],"random":[182],"forest":[183],"classification":[184],"models":[185],"when":[186],"is":[189],"worn":[190],"wrist,":[193],"elbow,":[194],"ankle,":[196],"respectively,":[197],"all":[198],"achieving":[199],"high":[200],"accuracies":[201],"over":[202],"90%.":[203],"Mutual":[204],"constraints":[205],"between":[206],"dual":[207],"design":[208],"purposes":[209],"EMVEH":[213,234],"also":[215],"fully":[216],"discussed":[217],"released.":[219],"Thus,":[220],"wearing-position-independent":[222],"HAR":[223],"combined":[225],"efficient":[228],"our":[233],"expands":[235],"application":[237],"range":[238],"EMVEHs":[241],"more":[243],"flexible":[244],"practical":[246],"uses.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}