{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4393185940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3381263","title":"Conditional-TimeGAN for Realistic and High-Quality Appliance Trajectories Generation and Data Augmentation in Nonintrusive Load Monitoring","display_name":"Conditional-TimeGAN for Realistic and High-Quality Appliance Trajectories Generation and Data Augmentation in Nonintrusive Load Monitoring","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4393185940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3381263"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3381263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3381263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103026720","display_name":"Zigang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7980-1432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Z. G. Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7980-1432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020048163","display_name":"Tianyao Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2788-1349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Y. Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2788-1349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057015286","display_name":"J. W. Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7953-4334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. W. Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7953-4334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010577920","display_name":"L. J. Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1960-7088"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. J. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1960-7088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017989114","display_name":"Luliang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-9228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. L. Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-9228","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016939864","display_name":"Qinghua Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-8367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Q. H. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0598-8367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9808,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94190793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.5786539316177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5426627993583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3748217821121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.35322338342666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28510695695877075}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5786539316177368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5426627993583679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3748217821121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.35322338342666626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28510695695877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3381263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3381263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8222907130","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515011608","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479651931","https://openalex.org/W1994682479","https://openalex.org/W2006478669","https://openalex.org/W2006825483","https://openalex.org/W2123910460","https://openalex.org/W2132870739","https://openalex.org/W2144445501","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2358514611","https://openalex.org/W2559280146","https://openalex.org/W2566212894","https://openalex.org/W2891864814","https://openalex.org/W2963185411","https://openalex.org/W2963684088","https://openalex.org/W2995727660","https://openalex.org/W3015396216","https://openalex.org/W3095472304","https://openalex.org/W3099873379","https://openalex.org/W3114746859","https://openalex.org/W3160258797","https://openalex.org/W3183995431","https://openalex.org/W3199873924","https://openalex.org/W3203623310","https://openalex.org/W3204215099","https://openalex.org/W4226154542","https://openalex.org/W4281679228","https://openalex.org/W4285286594","https://openalex.org/W4312364770","https://openalex.org/W4360993859","https://openalex.org/W4383503077","https://openalex.org/W6630488282","https://openalex.org/W6765779288","https://openalex.org/W6767782324","https://openalex.org/W6842123061","https://openalex.org/W7024587842"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-intrusive":[0],"load":[1],"monitoring":[2,8],"(NILM)":[3],"strives":[4],"to":[5,44,84,131],"achieve":[6],"real-time":[7],"of":[9,22,38,53,96,160,185,195,204],"individual":[10],"appliance":[11,89,111],"energy":[12],"consumption":[13],"and":[14,36,59,87,100,118,139,163,169,183],"usage":[15],"by":[16,80,136],"leveraging":[17],"aggregate":[18],"power":[19,54,116],"readings.":[20],"Most":[21],"the":[23,34,46,94,144,156,192,201,205],"existing":[24],"NILM":[25,39,187],"models":[26],"are":[27],"based":[28],"on":[29],"machine":[30,127],"learning.":[31],"To":[32,62],"improve":[33],"generalization":[35,184],"accuracy":[37,182],"models,":[40],"it":[41],"is":[42,56],"crucial":[43],"expand":[45],"dataset.":[47],"However,":[48],"collecting":[49],"a":[50,57,67,123,175],"large":[51],"amount":[52],"data":[55,112,134,146,177,197],"challenging":[58],"common":[60],"task.":[61],"address":[63],"this,":[64],"we":[65,121],"propose":[66],"novel":[68],"model":[69,92,150],"called":[70],"Conditional-Time-series":[71],"Generative":[72],"Adversarial":[73],"Networks":[74],"(C-TimeGAN),":[75],"which":[76],"extends":[77],"upon":[78],"TimeGAN":[79,106],"incorporating":[81],"constraint":[82],"conditions":[83],"generate":[85],"high-quality":[86],"realistic":[88],"trajectories.":[90],"This":[91],"preserves":[93],"benefits":[95],"unsupervised":[97],"GANs\u2019":[98],"flexibility":[99],"supervised":[101],"training\u2019s":[102],"stepwise":[103],"control":[104],"in":[105,110,158],"while":[107],"addressing":[108],"challenges":[109],"generation,":[113],"like":[114],"rapid":[115],"changes":[117],"transients.":[119],"Additionally,":[120],"utilize":[122],"one-class":[124],"support":[125],"vector":[126],"(OCSVM)":[128],"for":[129,198],"post-processing":[130],"further":[132],"enhance":[133],"quality":[135,162],"detecting":[137],"anomalies":[138],"removing":[140],"outliers.":[141],"Experiments":[142],"show":[143],"synthetic":[145,196],"from":[147],"our":[148],"C-TimeGAN+":[149,172],"(C-TimeGAN":[151],"integrated":[152],"with":[153],"OCSVM)":[154],"outperforms":[155],"baseline":[157],"terms":[159],"both":[161],"quantity,":[164],"exhibiting":[165],"higher":[166],"fidelity,":[167],"diversity,":[168],"novelty.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"serves":[173],"as":[174],"practical":[176,202],"augmentation":[178],"tool,":[179],"enhancing":[180],"disaggregation":[181],"other":[186],"models.":[188],"We":[189],"also":[190],"discuss":[191],"optimal":[193],"proportion":[194],"augmentation,":[199],"improving":[200],"applicability":[203],"data.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}