{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392667100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3370796","title":"A New Time Series Data Imaging Scheme for Mechanical Fault Diagnosis","display_name":"A New Time Series Data Imaging Scheme for Mechanical Fault Diagnosis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392667100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3370796"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3370796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3370796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021252039","display_name":"Chao Lian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-3063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010455569","display_name":"Yuliang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-7404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuliang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4519-7404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101797180","display_name":"Tianang Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2441-346X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079787474","display_name":"F Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6325-7063"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fanghecong Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6325-7063","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009536465","display_name":"Zhikun Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-3300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhikun Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9931-3300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050388470","display_name":"Liming Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3447-9932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liming Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3447-9932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021252039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7328,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95292611,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.6641043424606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5106192231178284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5013399124145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5001459121704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4906820058822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34313321113586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1825326383113861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16415590047836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seismology","display_name":"Seismology","score":0.11955985426902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.11355215311050415}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6641043424606323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5106192231178284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5013399124145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5001459121704102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4906820058822632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34313321113586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1825326383113861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16415590047836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.11955985426902771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.11355215311050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3370796","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3370796","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1930901790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2021203070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4568324717","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022GFZD014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4673630410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2020501040","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7124898651","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873307","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7229341910","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"F2022501031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8195683169","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2123004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322163","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W243674440","https://openalex.org/W1597576211","https://openalex.org/W1967352108","https://openalex.org/W2031614119","https://openalex.org/W2063526924","https://openalex.org/W2072857564","https://openalex.org/W2263083964","https://openalex.org/W2345851064","https://openalex.org/W2529693955","https://openalex.org/W2593479727","https://openalex.org/W2770183464","https://openalex.org/W2801569792","https://openalex.org/W2918954339","https://openalex.org/W2943099062","https://openalex.org/W2969747056","https://openalex.org/W2997353220","https://openalex.org/W2998506103","https://openalex.org/W3007559859","https://openalex.org/W3017198169","https://openalex.org/W3135832851","https://openalex.org/W3177545935","https://openalex.org/W3202817277","https://openalex.org/W3217494379","https://openalex.org/W4206195980","https://openalex.org/W4223641466","https://openalex.org/W4224245763","https://openalex.org/W4225277763","https://openalex.org/W4226209181","https://openalex.org/W4285159403","https://openalex.org/W4291910433","https://openalex.org/W4292553281","https://openalex.org/W4296995162","https://openalex.org/W4310987110","https://openalex.org/W4312730910","https://openalex.org/W4313377512","https://openalex.org/W4318827194","https://openalex.org/W4361255950","https://openalex.org/W4384700671","https://openalex.org/W4389210490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W1975289146","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2119012848","https://openalex.org/W2622688551","https://openalex.org/W1550175370","https://openalex.org/W1990205660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fault":[0],"diagnosis":[1,25,125,206],"based":[2,84,138],"on":[3,42,69,85,139],"vibration":[4],"signals":[5],"is":[6,132,180],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"in":[9,156,189],"various":[10],"industrial":[11],"production":[12],"processes":[13],"to":[14,31,34,62,72,101,120,122,134],"prevent":[15],"catastrophic":[16],"accidents":[17],"and":[18,39,66,76,99,167],"ensure":[19],"timely":[20],"repairs.":[21],"However,":[22],"traditional":[23],"fault":[24,37,70,124,205],"methods":[26],"provide":[27],"limited":[28],"accuracy":[29,137],"due":[30],"their":[32],"inability":[33],"visually":[35],"represent":[36,73],"characteristics":[38],"heavy":[40],"reliance":[41],"expert":[43],"involvement.":[44],"In":[45,81],"this":[46,82,157],"study,":[47,83,158],"we":[48,90],"propose":[49],"a":[50,58,109,128,200],"time":[51,105],"series":[52,93,106],"image":[53,111],"generation":[54],"scheme":[55],"that":[56],"incorporates":[57],"convolutional":[59,129],"neural":[60,130],"network":[61,131],"perform":[63],"data-driven":[64],"analysis":[65],"open-set":[67],"classification":[68],"data":[71],"faults":[74,153,160],"intuitively":[75],"diagnose":[77],"them":[78],"more":[79],"accurately.":[80],"the":[86,103,144,147,176,182],"basic":[87],"G":[88],"image,":[89],"proposed":[91,148,183,197],"two":[92],"of":[94,146,152,194],"extended":[95],"coding":[96],"methods,":[97],"G-TF":[98],"TF-G":[100],"convert":[102],"one-dimensional":[104],"signal":[107],"into":[108],"grayscale":[110],"from":[112],"different":[113,123],"perspective":[114],"for":[115,203],"figurative":[116],"expression,":[117],"so":[118],"as":[119],"adapt":[121],"scenarios.":[126],"Then,":[127],"designed":[133],"maximize":[135],"recognition":[136,187],"faster":[140],"calculation.":[141],"To":[142],"demonstrate":[143,173],"effectiveness":[145],"method,":[149],"three":[150,192],"types":[151,193],"are":[154],"tested":[155],"i.e.,":[159],"with":[161],"motor":[162],"bearings,":[163],"self-priming":[164],"centrifugal":[165],"pumps,":[166],"hydraulic":[168],"pumps.":[169],"The":[170,196],"experimental":[171],"results":[172],"that,":[174],"when":[175],"most":[177],"suitable":[178],"method":[179,198],"employed,":[181],"approach":[184],"achieves":[185],"better":[186],"performance":[188],"diagnosing":[190],"these":[191],"faults.":[195],"provides":[199],"new":[201],"solution":[202],"future":[204],"tasks.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}