{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390603925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3350115","title":"Error Analysis of Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Second-Order SST and Its Application on Analyzing Gear Meshing Stiffness From Motor Current","display_name":"Error Analysis of Instantaneous Frequency Estimation of Second-Order SST and Its Application on Analyzing Gear Meshing Stiffness From Motor Current","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390603925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3350115"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3350115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3350115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084010647","display_name":"Kai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5517-2748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033167845","display_name":"Xing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1719-2040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210089411","display_name":"Yunnan Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/009njsq50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Vocational College of Mechanical and Electrical Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210089411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609441","display_name":"Dongxiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5174-9834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongxiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100705104","display_name":"Xiaoqin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4244-7308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10660446","display_name":"Kunming University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xyeez13","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Advanced Equipment Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084010647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10660446"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7971,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82038976,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6809633374214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.5865480303764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stiffness","display_name":"Stiffness","score":0.5434300303459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5414332151412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instantaneous-phase","display_name":"Instantaneous phase","score":0.5226776003837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/window-function","display_name":"Window function","score":0.49202391505241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.4857919216156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.4565337598323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.45587295293807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-bench","display_name":"Test bench","score":0.4316134452819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.42465826869010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.373069167137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3607195019721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.31859880685806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.1372314989566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09740927815437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08782848715782166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6809633374214172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.5865480303764343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.5434300303459167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5414332151412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137798554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6038852","display_name":"Instantaneous phase","level":3,"score":0.5226776003837585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140101238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404885","display_name":"Window function","level":3,"score":0.49202391505241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.4857919216156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4565337598323822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.45587295293807983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776266606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476482","display_name":"Test bench","level":2,"score":0.4316134452819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42465826869010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.373069167137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3607195019721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.31859880685806274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.1372314989566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09740927815437317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08782848715782166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2024.3350115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3350115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5586950031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1306103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966054834","https://openalex.org/W1974082368","https://openalex.org/W1980721798","https://openalex.org/W2048076701","https://openalex.org/W2090218979","https://openalex.org/W2105619214","https://openalex.org/W2108616803","https://openalex.org/W2132265582","https://openalex.org/W2163630665","https://openalex.org/W2603233227","https://openalex.org/W2893464634","https://openalex.org/W2896730462","https://openalex.org/W2921245937","https://openalex.org/W3006468154","https://openalex.org/W3090551936","https://openalex.org/W3094127117","https://openalex.org/W3138951337","https://openalex.org/W3155955687","https://openalex.org/W3172755468","https://openalex.org/W3202288159","https://openalex.org/W3214548133","https://openalex.org/W4285134303","https://openalex.org/W4293057130","https://openalex.org/W4312253323","https://openalex.org/W4320005397","https://openalex.org/W4376607443"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2379484316","https://openalex.org/W2922895105","https://openalex.org/W4242644833","https://openalex.org/W2105938879","https://openalex.org/W1963866720","https://openalex.org/W3155305109","https://openalex.org/W2077228981","https://openalex.org/W2004189302","https://openalex.org/W2140654292","https://openalex.org/W2390291433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Motor":[0],"gearbox":[1,128,226],"systems":[2],"are":[3,99,178,209],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,59,223],"industrial":[7],"production,":[8],"and":[9,65,103,106,156,204,231],"the":[10,34,43,46,49,53,56,72,78,86,93,96,100,104,110,115,119,134,139,144,151,154,160,163,166,169,175,182,186,192,202,213,224],"variations":[11],"of":[12,38,45,48,55,85,109,118,138,153,159,165],"gear":[13,221],"meshing":[14,145,206],"stiffness":[15,146,207],"generate":[16],"transient":[17],"frequency":[18,36,80],"modulation":[19],"(FM)":[20],"effects":[21],"on":[22],"motor":[23,39,135,215],"current.":[24],"The":[25,89],"2nd-order":[26,60,87,105],"synchrosqueezing":[27],"transform":[28],"(SST)":[29],"is":[30,63,131,147],"effective":[31],"for":[32,173],"revealing":[33],"time-varying":[35],"characteristics":[37,177,208],"current,":[40],"thus":[41],"enabling":[42],"monitoring":[44],"condition":[47],"electromechanical":[50],"system;":[51],"however,":[52],"selection":[54],"window":[57,101,171,193],"parameter":[58,102,194],"SST":[61],"analysis":[62,164,198],"subjective":[64],"lacks":[66],"specific":[67],"theoretical":[68],"guidance.":[69],"To":[70,113],"quantify":[71],"analytical":[73],"limits,":[74],"this":[75],"study":[76],"derives":[77],"instantaneous":[79],"(IF)":[81],"estimation":[82,98,121,189],"error":[83,122],"function":[84,90],"SST.":[88],"demonstrates":[91],"that":[92,142],"factors":[94],"affecting":[95],"IF":[97,120,188],"3rd-order":[107],"derivatives":[108],"signal":[111],"phase.":[112],"validate":[114],"practical":[116],"application":[117],"function,":[123],"a":[124,218],"rotating":[125],"vector":[126],"(RV)":[127],"test":[129,140],"bench":[130,141],"constructed.":[132],"First,":[133],"current":[136],"model":[137,167,197],"contains":[143],"established,":[148],"which":[149],"allows":[150],"definition":[152],"phase":[155],"FM":[157,176,183],"amplitude":[158],"signal.":[161],"In":[162],"simulation,":[168],"optimal":[170],"parameters":[172],"identifying":[174],"determined":[179,195],"by":[180,196],"comparing":[181],"amplitudes":[184],"with":[185],"calculated":[187],"errors.":[190],"With":[191],"as":[199],"previous":[200],"knowledge,":[201],"healthy":[203],"faulty":[205],"successfully":[210],"extracted":[211],"from":[212],"experimental":[214],"currents.":[216],"As":[217],"result,":[219],"local":[220],"faults":[222],"RV":[225],"can":[227],"be":[228],"diagnosed":[229],"intuitively":[230],"accurately.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
