{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389692284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3342244","title":"High-Sensitivity Atomic Layer Thermopile Heat- Flux Sensor and Its Application in Hypersonic Low-Density Wind Tunnel Tests","display_name":"High-Sensitivity Atomic Layer Thermopile Heat- Flux Sensor and Its Application in Hypersonic Low-Density Wind Tunnel Tests","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389692284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3342244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3342244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3342244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103030588","display_name":"Kai Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-571X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5260-571X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040887572","display_name":"Xi Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-0097"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-0097","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102899838","display_name":"Tao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-3884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4826-3884","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001530900","display_name":"H. Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-5787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1062-5787","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101874100","display_name":"Wanqing Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-114X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanqing Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5681-114X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088179042","display_name":"Xinxin Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7556-8219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7556-8219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035166804","display_name":"Bowan Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-2681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowan Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1239-2681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103194386","display_name":"Hui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-596X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802505932","display_name":"China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00jma8s40","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3620-596X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hypervelocity Aerodynamics Institute (HAI), China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center (CARDC), Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103030588"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802505932"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.1725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98063596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11012","display_name":"Gas Dynamics and Kinetic Theory","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2604","display_name":"Applied Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12350","display_name":"Particle Dynamics in Fluid Flows","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermopile","display_name":"Thermopile","score":0.9677919149398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-tunnel","display_name":"Wind tunnel","score":0.7601568698883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersonic-speed","display_name":"Hypersonic speed","score":0.7044665813446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","score":0.6674067974090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamics","display_name":"Aerodynamics","score":0.636385977268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-flux","display_name":"Heat flux","score":0.5883030295372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5622609853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerodynamic-heating","display_name":"Aerodynamic heating","score":0.510230302810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5019996166229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5002975463867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersonic-wind-tunnel","display_name":"Hypersonic wind tunnel","score":0.46263402700424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.45354241132736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermocouple","display_name":"Thermocouple","score":0.44039028882980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.41020750999450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.38495349884033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.27861642837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.2611275315284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2599228620529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.2528858780860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23346614837646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.198834627866745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14261198043823242}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47279676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915693","display_name":"Thermopile","level":3,"score":0.9677919149398804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100086909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193010","display_name":"Wind tunnel","level":2,"score":0.7601568698883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122824865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830787","display_name":"Hypersonic speed","level":2,"score":0.7044665813446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.6674067974090576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.636385977268219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159188206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478382","display_name":"Heat flux","level":3,"score":0.5883030295372009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5622609853744507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156975606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841676","display_name":"Aerodynamic heating","level":3,"score":0.510230302810669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5019996166229248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5002975463867188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11066151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641091","display_name":"Hypersonic wind tunnel","level":3,"score":0.46263402700424194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.45354241132736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168068576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190241","display_name":"Thermocouple","level":2,"score":0.44039028882980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.41020750999450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.38495349884033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.27861642837524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2611275315284729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2599228620529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.2528858780860901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23346614837646484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.198834627866745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14261198043823242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3342244","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3342244","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3693790845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3801700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4874140123","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"11902330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G710594238","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3203900","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W228348747","https://openalex.org/W623564636","https://openalex.org/W1586788845","https://openalex.org/W1980222925","https://openalex.org/W1988694225","https://openalex.org/W2040731355","https://openalex.org/W2043167204","https://openalex.org/W2044756432","https://openalex.org/W2058652380","https://openalex.org/W2075215322","https://openalex.org/W2077408354","https://openalex.org/W2083321769","https://openalex.org/W2096945295","https://openalex.org/W2103020171","https://openalex.org/W2150989908","https://openalex.org/W2164350497","https://openalex.org/W2286203047","https://openalex.org/W2328264594","https://openalex.org/W2331154806","https://openalex.org/W2495314936","https://openalex.org/W2912440276","https://openalex.org/W2972978681","https://openalex.org/W2999254470","https://openalex.org/W3014264907","https://openalex.org/W3025781564","https://openalex.org/W3038314524","https://openalex.org/W3086165094","https://openalex.org/W3109274111","https://openalex.org/W4206270232","https://openalex.org/W4294646962","https://openalex.org/W4306168980","https://openalex.org/W4387247641","https://openalex.org/W6688869760","https://openalex.org/W6779827614"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2085416777","https://openalex.org/W2353192325","https://openalex.org/W4383334233","https://openalex.org/W3031606369","https://openalex.org/W2799931447","https://openalex.org/W3166335975","https://openalex.org/W2393570699","https://openalex.org/W4382021318","https://openalex.org/W2254580458","https://openalex.org/W2510496904"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Measuring":[0],"the":[1,7,11,19,30,42,46,49,79,99,109,122,128,138],"heat-flux":[2,37],"density":[3],"is":[4,39,96,116],"one":[5],"of":[6,14,32,45,74,112,140],"main":[8],"tasks":[9],"in":[10,54,68,121],"research":[12],"field":[13],"hypersonic":[15,123],"experimental":[16],"aerodynamics.":[17],"Considering":[18],"fact":[20],"that":[21],"refined":[22],"wind":[23,125],"tunnel":[24],"tests":[25],"require":[26],"small-sized":[27],"sensors,":[28,77],"and":[29,82,89,104,133,144],"sensitivity":[31,103],"atomic":[33],"layer":[34],"thermopile":[35],"(ALTP)":[36],"sensor":[38],"dependent":[40],"on":[41,98],"effective":[43,142],"length":[44],"sensitive":[47,50],"element,":[48],"elements":[51],"are":[52,66,85],"connected":[53],"series":[55],"by":[56,87,118],"conductive":[57],"films.":[58],"New-generation":[59],"ALTP":[60,76,114],"sensors":[61,115],"with":[62],"multiply":[63],"enlarged":[64],"sensitivities":[65],"developed":[67],"this":[69],"study.":[70],"The":[71],"general":[72],"features":[73],"new":[75,113],"including":[78],"sensitivity,":[80],"linearity":[81],"amplitude-frequency":[83],"curves,":[84],"obtained":[86],"static":[88],"dynamic":[90,106],"calibration":[91],"tests.":[92],"Then":[93],"a":[94],"discussion":[95],"presented":[97],"tradeoff":[100],"between":[101],"high":[102],"fast":[105],"response.":[107],"Finally,":[108],"practice":[110],"performance":[111],"confirmed":[117],"experiments":[119],"conducted":[120],"low-density":[124],"tunnel,":[126],"since":[127],"frequently":[129],"used":[130],"thin-skin":[131],"calorimeters":[132],"infrared":[134],"thermographic":[135],"techniques":[136],"have":[137],"problems":[139],"short":[141],"time":[143],"low":[145],"signal-to-noise":[146],"ratio.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
