{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389665390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3342233","title":"A Two-Wired High Input Impedance and High CMRR Active Electrode Insensitive to Component Mismatch","display_name":"A Two-Wired High Input Impedance and High CMRR Active Electrode Insensitive to Component Mismatch","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389665390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3342233"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3342233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3342233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/206308","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101580526","display_name":"Gholamreza Jafari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1854-9679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86958956","display_name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6ka752","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gholamreza Jafari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1854-9679","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016517540","display_name":"Mohammad Tavakkoli Ghouchani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2962-6990"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86958956","display_name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6ka752","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Tavakkoli Qouchani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2962-6990","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000415085","display_name":"Mehdi Saberi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-7532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86958956","display_name":"Ferdowsi University of Mashhad","ror":"https://ror.org/00g6ka752","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]}],"countries":["CH","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Saberi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran","Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4222-7532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86958956"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079305372","display_name":"Alexandre Schmid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-0193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5124864","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne","ror":"https://ror.org/02s376052","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandre Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6730-0193","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electrical and Micro Engineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5124864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6065,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73201959,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11472","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry and Sensors","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1502","display_name":"Bioengineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-mode-rejection-ratio","display_name":"Common-mode rejection ratio","score":0.7531754970550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.6479294300079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.5936090350151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5894041061401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/common-mode-signal","display_name":"Common-mode signal","score":0.5774360299110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.47453415393829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4645898640155792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/output-impedance","display_name":"Output impedance","score":0.4626643657684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.44919678568840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.42505931854248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.40851226449012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3835865259170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24371734261512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.21556836366653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.16681623458862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14803928136825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.11191248893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.10783582925796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.10534307360649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08112862706184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.07031837105751038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102309569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1244941","display_name":"Common-mode rejection ratio","level":5,"score":0.7531754970550537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.6479294300079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.5936090350151062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5894041061401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189714311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1530371","display_name":"Common-mode signal","level":4,"score":0.5774360299110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.47453415393829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4645898640155792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58112919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631203","display_name":"Output impedance","level":3,"score":0.4626643657684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44919678568840027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.42505931854248047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.40851226449012756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3835865259170532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24371734261512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.21556836366653442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.16681623458862305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14803928136825562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.11191248893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.10783582925796509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.10534307360649109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08112862706184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.07031837105751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3342233","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3342233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:309708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/206308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:infoscience.epfl.ch:309708","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://infoscience.epfl.ch/handle/20.500.14299/206308","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400487","display_name":"Infoscience (Ecole Polytechnique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale de Lausanne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"WoS","raw_type":"research article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6800000071525574,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964793210","https://openalex.org/W1969122934","https://openalex.org/W1972539581","https://openalex.org/W2014359522","https://openalex.org/W2029299375","https://openalex.org/W2035773773","https://openalex.org/W2046646175","https://openalex.org/W2047490963","https://openalex.org/W2047700412","https://openalex.org/W2055063605","https://openalex.org/W2056103473","https://openalex.org/W2060841640","https://openalex.org/W2083295694","https://openalex.org/W2089475953","https://openalex.org/W2091807979","https://openalex.org/W2097024619","https://openalex.org/W2101051970","https://openalex.org/W2106545243","https://openalex.org/W2109073090","https://openalex.org/W2112983600","https://openalex.org/W2126390573","https://openalex.org/W2131368080","https://openalex.org/W2138585050","https://openalex.org/W2296102483","https://openalex.org/W2296106309","https://openalex.org/W2397671233","https://openalex.org/W2524158525","https://openalex.org/W2550423489","https://openalex.org/W2765737812","https://openalex.org/W2790038380","https://openalex.org/W2794264416","https://openalex.org/W2801295417","https://openalex.org/W2906529025","https://openalex.org/W2965549950","https://openalex.org/W3033720117","https://openalex.org/W3046015843","https://openalex.org/W3093558716","https://openalex.org/W3183408548","https://openalex.org/W4313071778","https://openalex.org/W4313484942"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1529471020","https://openalex.org/W3016853352","https://openalex.org/W2901068794","https://openalex.org/W2106859418","https://openalex.org/W2439880471","https://openalex.org/W2107565757","https://openalex.org/W2059815790","https://openalex.org/W2138546878","https://openalex.org/W2041296798","https://openalex.org/W2073580782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,11,16,85,108,125,137,167],"new":[4],"two-wired":[5],"amplifying":[6],"active":[7],"electrode":[8],"(AE),":[9],"presenting":[10],"high":[12,17],"input":[13,27,172],"impedance":[14,28,147],"and":[15,29,45,170],"common-mode":[18,42],"rejection":[19],"ratio":[20],"(CMRR).":[21],"In":[22,70],"the":[23,26,30,33,40,51,54,61,72,76,81,100,121,129],"proposed":[24,55,82,122],"structure,":[25],"CMRR":[31,52,127],"of":[32,53,67,75,111,174],"system":[34,77],"are":[35,104],"considerably":[36],"increased":[37],"by":[38],"extracting":[39],"body":[41],"(CM)":[43],"signal":[44],"applying":[46],"it":[47,150],"to":[48,60,106,157],"AEs.":[49,69],"Moreover,":[50,149],"structure":[56,123],"is":[57,78,90],"less":[58],"sensitive":[59],"mismatch":[62],"existing":[63],"between":[64],"voltage":[65,109,155],"gains":[66],"different":[68],"addition,":[71],"power-to-noise":[73],"efficiency":[74],"improved":[79],"because":[80],"circuit":[83],"presents":[84,151],"high-voltage":[86],"gain.":[87],"A":[88],"prototype":[89],"implemented":[91],"using":[92],"discrete":[93],"components":[94,103],"for":[95],"electrocardiogram":[96],"(ECG)":[97],"recording,":[98],"while":[99],"employed":[101],"passive":[102],"selected":[105],"have":[107],"gain":[110],"100":[112],"with":[113,136],"1%":[114],"tolerance.":[115],"The":[116],"measurement":[117],"results":[118],"show":[119],"that":[120],"achieves":[124],"107-dB":[126],"at":[128],"fundamental":[130],"power-line":[131],"frequency":[132],"(i.e.,":[133],"50":[134],"Hz)":[135],"1.2-":[138],"<inline-formula":[139,158],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[140,159],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[141,160],"<tex-math":[142,161],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\text{M}\\Omega":[143],"$":[144],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[145,165],"source":[146],"unbalance.":[148],"an":[152,171],"input-referred":[153],"noise":[154],"equal":[156],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.6~\\mu":[162],"\\text{V}_{\\text":[163],"{RMS}}$":[164],"in":[166],"0.5\u2013100-Hz":[168],"bandwidth":[169],"capacitance":[173],"only":[175],"2":[176],"fF.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}