{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388107886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3328685","title":"Identification of Cellular Measurements: A Neural Network Approach","display_name":"Identification of Cellular Measurements: A Neural Network Approach","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388107886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3328685"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3328685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3328685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066359620","display_name":"Esraa A. Makled","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-7640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Esraa A. Makled","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. Johns, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4203-7640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. Johns, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015972456","display_name":"Ibrahim Al-Nahhal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-392X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Al-Nahhal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. Johns, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8604-392X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. Johns, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077149719","display_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. Johns, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University, St. Johns, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019022800","display_name":"O. \u00dcreten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-6169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118194","display_name":"Allen-Vanguard (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/02hgc7r17","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118194"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oktay \u00dcreten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen-Vanguard Corporation, Ottawa, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5006-6169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen-Vanguard Corporation, Ottawa, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007557286","display_name":"Hyundong Shin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-8084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyundong Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3364-8084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Information Convergence Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4895,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71694514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.6536999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.6536999940872192,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7120335698127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.6100581288337708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.5872738361358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5196215510368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.48768937587738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-spectrum","display_name":"Radio spectrum","score":0.4840328097343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.47706520557403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.46922311186790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-band","display_name":"Frequency band","score":0.4560239017009735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4200500547885895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-density","display_name":"Spectral density","score":0.41197651624679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3469368517398834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2587788701057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17211490869522095}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7120335698127747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6100581288337708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.5872738361358643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5196215510368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.48768937587738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92545706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q902174","display_name":"Radio spectrum","level":2,"score":0.4840328097343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.47706520557403564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.46922311186790466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778116611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25110567","display_name":"Frequency band","level":3,"score":0.4560239017009735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4200500547885895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168110828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331626","display_name":"Spectral density","level":2,"score":0.41197651624679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3469368517398834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2587788701057434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17211490869522095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3328685","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3328685","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580063153","https://openalex.org/W1972973610","https://openalex.org/W2002561285","https://openalex.org/W2032783947","https://openalex.org/W2058313711","https://openalex.org/W2103980348","https://openalex.org/W2114267371","https://openalex.org/W2118023920","https://openalex.org/W2130014182","https://openalex.org/W2148445536","https://openalex.org/W2166925157","https://openalex.org/W2539867171","https://openalex.org/W2591951844","https://openalex.org/W2598475438","https://openalex.org/W2609800471","https://openalex.org/W2735673061","https://openalex.org/W2912136746","https://openalex.org/W2963539768","https://openalex.org/W2964909045","https://openalex.org/W2996232706","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3168997536","https://openalex.org/W3201410451","https://openalex.org/W4248573116","https://openalex.org/W4319863551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3109219622","https://openalex.org/W4385282352","https://openalex.org/W2776062836","https://openalex.org/W3199841937","https://openalex.org/W2932062634","https://openalex.org/W2396592261","https://openalex.org/W1916459853","https://openalex.org/W1965488317","https://openalex.org/W3132521424","https://openalex.org/W2048665270"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,85,135,174],"efficient":[1],"utilization":[2],"of":[3,14,63,148,157,164,167,177],"the":[4,11,19,24,38,54,58,104,107,120,123,138,146,149,154,158,165,178,183,189],"wireless":[5],"spectrum":[6,25],"is":[7,88,160],"essential":[8],"to":[9,144],"fulfill":[10],"rising":[12],"demand":[13],"scarce":[15],"bandwidth":[16],"resources.":[17],"Identifying":[18],"cellular":[20,55,190],"signal":[21,191],"types":[22,192],"occupying":[23],"allows":[26],"for":[27,37,72],"usage":[28],"optimization.":[29],"Neural":[30],"networks":[31],"(NNs)":[32],"are":[33,109,125,142],"a":[34,45,131],"promising":[35],"approach":[36],"signals\u2019":[39],"identification":[40],"problems.":[41],"This":[42],"article":[43],"proposes":[44],"hybrid":[46],"convolutional":[47],"and":[48,81,97,112,128,137,172],"feedforward":[49],"NN":[50],"(HCFNN)":[51],"that":[52,182],"classifies":[53],"signals":[56],"from":[57,114,130],"power":[59],"spectral":[60],"density":[61],"(PSD)":[62],"real":[64,168,170],"measurements":[65,180],"into":[66],"their":[67],"corresponding":[68],"types:":[69],"global":[70],"system":[71],"mobile":[73,77],"communications":[74],"(GSM),":[75],"universal":[76],"telecommunications":[78],"service":[79],"(UMTS),":[80],"long-term":[82],"evolution":[83],"(LTE).":[84],"measured":[86],"dataset":[87],"collected":[89],"based":[90],"on":[91],"two":[92],"acquisition":[93,101],"modes:":[94],"multiple-band":[95],"(MB)":[96],"in-band":[98],"(IB)":[99],"PSD":[100],"modes.":[102],"In":[103],"MB":[105],"model,":[106,122],"data":[108,124],"collected,":[110,126],"trained,":[111,127],"tested":[113,129],"various":[115],"frequency":[116,133],"bands,":[117],"while":[118],"in":[119,162,193],"IB":[121],"single":[132],"band.":[134],"accuracy":[136],"precision\u2013recall":[139],"(PR)":[140],"metrics":[141],"used":[143],"evaluate":[145],"performance":[147],"proposed":[150,184],"HCFNN":[151,185],"model.":[152],"Moreover,":[153],"complexity":[155],"analysis":[156],"model":[159,186],"derived":[161],"terms":[163],"number":[166],"additions,":[169],"multiplications,":[171],"parameters.":[173],"extensive":[175],"assessments":[176],"over-the-air":[179],"show":[181],"accurately":[187],"identifies":[188],"all":[194],"studied":[195],"scenarios.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
