{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387623673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3323003","title":"Non-Line-of-Sight Targets Localization Algorithm via Joint Estimation of DoD and DoA","display_name":"Non-Line-of-Sight Targets Localization Algorithm via Joint Estimation of DoD and DoA","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387623673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3323003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3323003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3323003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074265133","display_name":"Zhihao Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5182-735X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihao Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5182-735X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045496426","display_name":"Shisheng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-9837"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shisheng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-9837","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031068212","display_name":"Jiahui Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-2699"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2379-2699","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079378996","display_name":"Shucheng Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1085-2296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shucheng Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1085-2296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102730479","display_name":"Zihan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-0224"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4464-0224","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021893881","display_name":"Peilun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-7002"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peilun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3919-7002","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015609860","display_name":"Guolong Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-6311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guolong Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5707-6311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Quzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022778463","display_name":"Lingjiang Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-4517"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingjiang Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0991-4517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.351,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":40,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9346375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-line-of-sight-propagation","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","score":0.9217270612716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.6586636900901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.653037428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.6468334794044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.5937613248825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5936737060546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.583618700504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-probability-of-intercept-radar","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","score":0.4529437720775604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.42805173993110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.4184896647930145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-target","display_name":"Point target","score":0.41360390186309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.4130641520023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36115527153015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.30567628145217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.3024631142616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.2684995234012604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21456024050712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21396812796592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.20569995045661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.16789811849594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11789226531982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.09062203764915466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154910267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1740982","display_name":"Non-line-of-sight propagation","level":3,"score":0.9217270612716675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.6586636900901794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.653037428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6468334794044495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.5937613248825073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5936737060546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.583618700504303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147345108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693040","display_name":"Low probability of intercept radar","level":5,"score":0.4529437720775604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.42805173993110657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.4184896647930145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208292","display_name":"Point target","level":3,"score":0.41360390186309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.4130641520023346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36115527153015137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.30567628145217896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.3024631142616272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2684995234012604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21456024050712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21396812796592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.20569995045661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.16789811849594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11789226531982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.09062203764915466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3323003","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3323003","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5216742305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62001091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8978917354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B17008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W883639757","https://openalex.org/W1673341658","https://openalex.org/W2029895480","https://openalex.org/W2030008549","https://openalex.org/W2077750004","https://openalex.org/W2112855412","https://openalex.org/W2138660840","https://openalex.org/W2145802953","https://openalex.org/W2148137567","https://openalex.org/W2164541537","https://openalex.org/W2245877990","https://openalex.org/W2577810506","https://openalex.org/W2626025212","https://openalex.org/W2757659953","https://openalex.org/W2783964884","https://openalex.org/W2891893351","https://openalex.org/W2914841182","https://openalex.org/W3018042793","https://openalex.org/W3034742153","https://openalex.org/W3040360205","https://openalex.org/W3096817822","https://openalex.org/W3116493117","https://openalex.org/W3138268272","https://openalex.org/W3200166643","https://openalex.org/W4220898159","https://openalex.org/W4225891789","https://openalex.org/W4283325729","https://openalex.org/W4285070404","https://openalex.org/W4285303928","https://openalex.org/W4296705505","https://openalex.org/W4312629557","https://openalex.org/W4313216340","https://openalex.org/W4313485005","https://openalex.org/W4320561096","https://openalex.org/W4323530391","https://openalex.org/W4381745307","https://openalex.org/W6849807083"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391980879","https://openalex.org/W1636339314","https://openalex.org/W2903220199","https://openalex.org/W2799362944","https://openalex.org/W2083509671","https://openalex.org/W1978001812","https://openalex.org/W4307018408","https://openalex.org/W2355647129","https://openalex.org/W2353409691","https://openalex.org/W4200222286"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-line-of-sight":[0],"(NLOS)":[1],"radar":[2],"has":[3],"the":[4,8,13,17,35,52,76,79,105,115,125,128,133,138,144],"feature":[5],"of":[6,37,62,67,78,110,127,146],"detecting":[7],"targets":[9,39,92,149],"which":[10,135],"are":[11,119],"in":[12,26,143],"blind":[14],"area,":[15],"while":[16],"existing":[18],"time-of-arrival":[19],"(ToA)-based":[20],"methods":[21],"limit":[22],"its":[23],"further":[24],"development":[25],"multi-target":[27],"environments.":[28],"To":[29,88],"deal":[30],"with":[31,94,150],"it,":[32],"we":[33],"investigate":[34],"problem":[36],"multiple":[38,90,147],"localization":[40,93],"behind":[41],"L-shaped":[42],"corner":[43],"for":[44,58],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[45],"(MIMO)":[46],"millimeter":[47],"wave":[48],"(MMW)":[49],"radar.":[50],"Specifically,":[51],"multipath":[53,99],"signal":[54],"model":[55],"that":[56,137],"accounts":[57],"range,":[59],"Doppler,":[60],"direction":[61,66],"departure":[63],"(DoD)":[64],"and":[65,107,153],"arrival":[68],"(DoA)":[69],"is":[70,82,112,130],"established":[71],"first.":[72],"After":[73],"echo":[74],"preprocessing,":[75],"position":[77],"reflector":[80],"wall":[81],"estimated":[83],"using":[84],"static":[85],"point":[86],"clouds.":[87],"achieve":[89],"NLOS":[91,148],"low":[95,154],"false":[96,155],"alarm,":[97],"a":[98],"recognition":[100],"method,":[101],"by":[102,121,132],"fully":[103],"considering":[104],"DoD":[106],"DoA":[108],"relationships":[109],"multipaths,":[111],"proposed.":[113],"Furthermore,":[114],"real":[116],"target":[117],"positions":[118],"derived":[120],"mirror":[122],"symmetry.":[123],"Finally,":[124],"performance":[126],"method":[129,140],"tested":[131],"experiments,":[134],"reveal":[136],"proposed":[139],"can":[141],"work":[142],"presence":[145],"high":[151],"accuracy":[152],"alarm.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}