{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386524390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3312469","title":"Terahertz Characterization of Ordinary and Aggressive Types of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma as a Function of Cancer Stage and Treatment Efficiency","display_name":"Terahertz Characterization of Ordinary and Aggressive Types of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma as a Function of Cancer Stage and Treatment Efficiency","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386524390","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3312469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3312469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3312469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047010508","display_name":"Shohreh Nourinovin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-1192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shohreh Nourinovin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7650-1192","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109636723","display_name":"Muhammad M. Rahman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad M. Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research of Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6464-453X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research of Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056364096","display_name":"Michael P. Philpott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-4612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael P. Philpott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research of Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1255-4612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research of Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047892843","display_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-9969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7882870","display_name":"University of Glasgow","ror":"https://ror.org/00vtgdb53","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qammer H. Abbasi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7097-9969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I7882870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022863238","display_name":"Akram Alomainy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-9194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akram Alomainy","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5802-9194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66256242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9472000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.9472000002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10885","display_name":"Gene expression and cancer classification","score":0.9207000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.6201935410499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-cell","display_name":"Basal cell","score":0.5948677659034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.5622384548187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.5502880811691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.5419202446937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4149942398071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3921326994895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3808176517486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oncology","display_name":"Oncology","score":0.35257959365844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3353589177131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.23620522022247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.1569128930568695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.11786797642707825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6201935410499573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019992690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92767510","display_name":"Basal cell","level":2,"score":0.5948677659034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5622384548187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5502880811691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.5419202446937561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4149942398071289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3921326994895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3808176517486572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.35257959365844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3353589177131653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23620522022247314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.1569128930568695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.11786797642707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3312469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3312469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:305092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/102497","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/102497","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.gla.ac.uk:305092","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235606","display_name":"ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam)","issn_l":"2622-8912","issn":["2622-8912","2622-8920"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Articles"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5726614710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X040518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332772","display_name":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1581602528","https://openalex.org/W1966298646","https://openalex.org/W1976550785","https://openalex.org/W1982660189","https://openalex.org/W1984559226","https://openalex.org/W2032767207","https://openalex.org/W2126260173","https://openalex.org/W2132820593","https://openalex.org/W2172852131","https://openalex.org/W2317885022","https://openalex.org/W2439877177","https://openalex.org/W2551840265","https://openalex.org/W2769285587","https://openalex.org/W2788468492","https://openalex.org/W2794117954","https://openalex.org/W2799442024","https://openalex.org/W2901429240","https://openalex.org/W2907126413","https://openalex.org/W2914236477","https://openalex.org/W2943037478","https://openalex.org/W2946819148","https://openalex.org/W2951903495","https://openalex.org/W2962737826","https://openalex.org/W2963431311","https://openalex.org/W2984781926","https://openalex.org/W2997513671","https://openalex.org/W3000808819","https://openalex.org/W3009670898","https://openalex.org/W3009732681","https://openalex.org/W3009932472","https://openalex.org/W3084141070","https://openalex.org/W3088404113","https://openalex.org/W3099591685","https://openalex.org/W3113368143","https://openalex.org/W3132515614","https://openalex.org/W3139410414","https://openalex.org/W3160673933","https://openalex.org/W4214767349","https://openalex.org/W4250660928","https://openalex.org/W4281391864","https://openalex.org/W4292862539","https://openalex.org/W6832106622"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W3000002614","https://openalex.org/W2800192479","https://openalex.org/W3040184894","https://openalex.org/W2105973023"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Oral":[0],"squamous":[1],"cell":[2,155],"carcinoma":[3],"(OSCC)":[4],"has":[5,206],"asymptomatic":[6],"characteristics":[7],"that":[8,191,223],"make":[9],"it":[10,205],"challenging":[11],"to":[12,20,38,106,221],"identify":[13],"in":[14,198],"the":[15,42,52,67,99,104,108,112,118,121,133,147,162,173,195,199,202,214,229],"early":[16,34,230],"stages":[17],"and":[18,26,51,92,117,142,168,182,225],"lead":[19],"metastatic":[21],"effects.":[22],"Terahertz":[23],"(THz)":[24],"spectroscopy":[25,110],"imaging":[27],"are":[28],"recognized":[29],"as":[30],"novel":[31],"techniques":[32,222],"for":[33],"cancer":[35,72],"detection":[36],"due":[37],"their":[39],"nonionizing":[40],"nature,":[41],"significant":[43],"THz":[44,68,78,109,127,196],"wave":[45],"absorption":[46,180],"by":[47],"water\u2019s":[48],"hydrogen":[49],"bonds,":[50],"higher":[53,177],"hydration":[54],"of":[55,64,70,103,111,120,135,140,154,165,172,201],"tumors.":[56],"Despite":[57],"this":[58],"potential,":[59],"there":[60],"is":[61],"a":[62],"lack":[63],"research":[65],"on":[66,81,89,125,150,209],"characterization":[69,79,134],"oral":[71],"with":[73,137,169],"various":[74,115],"essential":[75],"biological":[76,94],"conditions.":[77],"based":[80],"frozen,":[82],"freshly":[83],"excised":[84],"tissue":[85],"restricts":[86],"parametric":[87],"studies":[88],"important":[90],"components":[91],"diverse":[93],"situations.":[95],"Therefore,":[96],"we":[97,130,143,175],"cultivated":[98],"3-D,":[100],"organotypic":[101],"model":[102],"OSCC,":[105],"investigate":[107],"tumor":[113],"at":[114,161,228],"phases":[116],"effects":[119],"anticancer":[122],"drug":[123],"AG1478":[124,193],"its":[126],"spectra.":[128],"Moreover,":[129],"have":[131],"compared":[132],"OSCC":[136,211],"two":[138,152],"levels":[139],"aggressiveness":[141],"contrasted":[144],"how":[145],"well":[146],"medication":[148],"worked":[149],"these":[151],"types":[153],"lines.":[156],"The":[157,188],"measurements":[158],"were":[159],"performed":[160],"frequency":[163],"range":[164],"0.4\u20131.6":[166],"THz,":[167],"increasing":[170],"malignancy":[171],"samples,":[174],"observed":[176],"refractive":[178],"index,":[179],"coefficient,":[181],"complex":[183],"permittivity":[184],"than":[185],"normal":[186,203],"tissue.":[187],"results":[189],"demonstrate":[190],"although":[192],"shifts":[194],"spectra":[197],"direction":[200],"tissue,":[204],"no":[207],"effect":[208],"aggressive":[210],"(AOSCC)":[212],"under":[213],"same":[215],"circumstances.":[216],"These":[217],"findings":[218],"may":[219],"contribute":[220],"diagnose":[224],"detect":[226],"tumors":[227],"stage.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}