{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386362983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3311060","title":"Geometry-Based Shim Coil Design Applied on an Ultralow-Field MRI System","display_name":"Geometry-Based Shim Coil Design Applied on an Ultralow-Field MRI System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386362983","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3311060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3311060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3311060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018943690","display_name":"Liang Xuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7901-1428"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Xuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071707541","display_name":"Yuxiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8148-8006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101699610","display_name":"Jiamin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4942-9137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159500","display_name":"Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05etzsm06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159500"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiamin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China","Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xi Da Zhi Jie, Nangang Qu, Harbin, China","Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, 6 Keji South 10th Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen C4, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 Xi Da Zhi Jie, Nangang Qu, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, 6 Keji South 10th Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen C4, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016052066","display_name":"Yucheng He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-6265"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159500","display_name":"Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05etzsm06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210159500"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yucheng He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China","Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, 6 Keji South 10th Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen C4, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, 6 Keji South 10th Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen C4, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102928797","display_name":"Fangge Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4731-0087"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangge Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027770640","display_name":"Zheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3968-414X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018943690"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8296,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85556592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10378","display_name":"Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11809","display_name":"Advanced NMR Techniques and Applications","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shim","display_name":"Shim (computing)","score":0.9749250411987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-coil","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","score":0.6241639852523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneity","display_name":"Homogeneity (statistics)","score":0.5749022364616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47214818000793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40097957849502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3264402151107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.32290494441986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2601311206817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.20089399814605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1165916919708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.07725873589515686}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780493668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q240815","display_name":"Shim (computing)","level":3,"score":0.9749250411987305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.6241639852523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142259097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891314","display_name":"Homogeneity (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5749022364616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47214818000793457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40097957849502563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3264402151107788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.32290494441986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2601311206817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.20089399814605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1165916919708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07725873589515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779929075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184674","display_name":"Erectile dysfunction","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3311060","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3311060","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G285285285","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2020jcyj-msxmX0340","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G525411673","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CJGJZD20200617102402006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","funder_display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6821663956","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52077023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326705","display_name":"Science, Technology and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975740664","https://openalex.org/W2019797092","https://openalex.org/W2045691712","https://openalex.org/W2053281699","https://openalex.org/W2093545363","https://openalex.org/W2108503003","https://openalex.org/W2108568858","https://openalex.org/W2115602955","https://openalex.org/W2117509217","https://openalex.org/W2122647267","https://openalex.org/W2128874743","https://openalex.org/W2168354512","https://openalex.org/W2171123254","https://openalex.org/W2336132330","https://openalex.org/W2517513895","https://openalex.org/W2590226446","https://openalex.org/W2736189902","https://openalex.org/W2896459371","https://openalex.org/W2896741103","https://openalex.org/W2969888921","https://openalex.org/W3034934100","https://openalex.org/W3087292644","https://openalex.org/W3158253778","https://openalex.org/W3159129460","https://openalex.org/W3194513937","https://openalex.org/W3198344711","https://openalex.org/W4245996348","https://openalex.org/W4246406957","https://openalex.org/W4252171206","https://openalex.org/W4254212786","https://openalex.org/W4285174033","https://openalex.org/W4292262827"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2189384956","https://openalex.org/W2155487745","https://openalex.org/W2052781789","https://openalex.org/W2137527211","https://openalex.org/W2977964486","https://openalex.org/W2264978485","https://openalex.org/W2138311775","https://openalex.org/W2996042238","https://openalex.org/W2794759825","https://openalex.org/W2906902344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"an":[1,62,144],"ultra-low-field":[2],"magnetic":[3,12,110],"resonance":[4],"imaging":[5,25,157,190],"(ULF-MRI)":[6],"system,":[7],"the":[8,41,116,121,135,140,179,197],"uniformity":[9],"of":[10,77,146,151,181],"static":[11],"field":[13],"<italic":[14,30,54,163],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[15,18,31,34,55,58,164,167],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">B</i>":[16,32,56,165],"<sub":[17,33,57,166],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">0</sub>":[19,35,59,168],"is":[20,37,66,90,98,113,131,154,160,170,192],"essential":[21],"for":[22,52,68,92],"maintaining":[23],"good":[24],"quality.":[26],"However,":[27],"achieving":[28],"high":[29],"homogeneity":[36,169],"difficult":[38],"due":[39],"to":[40,100,115,133,175,203],"low":[42],"magnitude.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45],"proposes":[46],"a":[47,107],"flexible":[48],"active":[49],"shimming":[50,195],"approach":[51],"ULF":[53],"optimization,":[60],"where":[61,86,139],"original":[63],"geometry-based":[64],"method":[65],"presented":[67],"first-":[69],"and":[70],"second-order":[71,136,182],"shim":[72,78,104,137],"coil":[73,105],"designs.":[74],"Different":[75],"types":[76],"coils":[79,153],"are":[80],"approximated":[81],"by":[82,156],"combinatorial":[83],"geometric":[84],"curves,":[85],"no":[87],"additional":[88],"wire":[89],"needed":[91],"overall":[93],"connection.":[94],"An":[95],"optimization":[96,117],"problem":[97],"established":[99],"ensure":[101],"that":[102,162,189],"each":[103],"generates":[106],"high-purity":[108],"harmonic":[109],"field,":[111],"which":[112],"comparable":[114],"results":[118],"obtained":[119],"using":[120],"conventional":[122],"stream":[123],"function":[124],"method.":[125],"A":[126],"computer-controlled":[127],"multichannel":[128],"current":[129,141],"source":[130],"designed":[132],"drive":[134],"coils,":[138],"output":[142],"reaches":[143],"accuracy":[145],"1":[147],"mA.":[148],"The":[149,184],"performance":[150],"optimized":[152],"verified":[155],"experiments.":[158],"It":[159],"demonstrated":[161],"improved":[171,193],"from":[172],"157":[173],"ppm":[174,177],"111":[176],"following":[178],"implementation":[180],"shimming.":[183],"in":[185],"vivo":[186],"experiment":[187],"shows":[188],"quality":[191],"after":[194],"with":[196],"local":[198],"signal-to-noise":[199],"ratio":[200],"increasing":[201],"1.16":[202],"1.92":[204],"folds.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}