{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385976070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3306542","title":"Load Identification of High-Speed Train Crossbeams Using Neural Network Method: Simulated and Experimental Studies","display_name":"Load Identification of High-Speed Train Crossbeams Using Neural Network Method: Simulated and Experimental Studies","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385976070","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3306542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3306542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3306542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100752844","display_name":"Zhaohua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2191-0842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2191-0842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075826884","display_name":"Yangyang Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6001-0302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangyang Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6001-0302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100719328","display_name":"Lei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1049-4249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1049-4249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015127657","display_name":"Shuxian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6090-4234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuxian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6090-4234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101613315","display_name":"Tao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-1649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0354-1649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023043630","display_name":"Faye Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6239-3231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faye Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6239-3231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102020325","display_name":"Qingmei Sui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2541-7163"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingmei Sui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2541-7163","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022632353","display_name":"Mingshun Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0031-7409"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingshun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0031-7409","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3618,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54528307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10534","display_name":"Structural Health Monitoring Techniques","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6621053218841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.48330235481262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44273459911346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tikhonov-regularization","display_name":"Tikhonov regularization","score":0.4378892183303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4144965410232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3568134009838104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3169305622577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.22241747379302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-problem","display_name":"Inverse problem","score":0.18632209300994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.1589946150779724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6621053218841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.48330235481262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44273459911346436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152442038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778212","display_name":"Tikhonov regularization","level":3,"score":0.4378892183303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4144965410232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3568134009838104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3169305622577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.22241747379302979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135252773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1567213","display_name":"Inverse problem","level":2,"score":0.18632209300994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.1589946150779724}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3306542","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3306542","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1214011199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021CXGC010204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1890880622","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62073193","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6011083850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62273206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1968735445","https://openalex.org/W2006667409","https://openalex.org/W2029490719","https://openalex.org/W2047150932","https://openalex.org/W2067606875","https://openalex.org/W2087027657","https://openalex.org/W2111072639","https://openalex.org/W2170008710","https://openalex.org/W2514357670","https://openalex.org/W2591362754","https://openalex.org/W2598223313","https://openalex.org/W2609040093","https://openalex.org/W2754141452","https://openalex.org/W2792231964","https://openalex.org/W2896774910","https://openalex.org/W2943828267","https://openalex.org/W2982295260","https://openalex.org/W2998553334","https://openalex.org/W3046334629","https://openalex.org/W3087336282","https://openalex.org/W3091147990","https://openalex.org/W3116386278","https://openalex.org/W3158439948","https://openalex.org/W3173195972","https://openalex.org/W3204315044","https://openalex.org/W4200581346","https://openalex.org/W4210768935","https://openalex.org/W4220877977","https://openalex.org/W4226324133","https://openalex.org/W4281697497","https://openalex.org/W4292635991","https://openalex.org/W4294846974","https://openalex.org/W6841475386"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3131586246","https://openalex.org/W4232854940","https://openalex.org/W2028208404","https://openalex.org/W2004501529","https://openalex.org/W4298516010","https://openalex.org/W2793340545","https://openalex.org/W1974122505","https://openalex.org/W2967187965","https://openalex.org/W1983203485","https://openalex.org/W2950405212"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,104,204],"crossbeam":[1,25],"is":[2,32,52,58,68,87,106,142],"a":[3,43,49,231],"key":[4],"load-bearing":[5],"structure":[6],"for":[7,233],"high-speed":[8,221,237],"trains":[9],"which":[10,229],"may":[11],"be":[12],"damaged":[13],"with":[14,148,181,187,224],"long-term":[15],"load.":[16],"Due":[17],"to":[18,34],"the":[19,24,27,36,55,61,78,96,101,137,140,149,178,208,213],"large":[20],"load":[21,37,44,56,65,83,92,234],"area":[22,57],"of":[23,100,139,152,156,159,169,217,220,236],"and":[26,60,66,89,91,98,123,136,146,162,176,198,215,227],"harsh":[28],"service":[29],"environment,":[30],"it":[31],"difficult":[33],"measure":[35],"directly.":[38],"To":[39],"solve":[40],"this":[41,173],"problem,":[42],"identification":[45,84,235],"method":[46,105,141,180,190,210],"based":[47],"on":[48],"neural":[50,195],"network":[51,196],"proposed.":[53],"First,":[54],"discretized":[59],"relationship":[62],"model":[63,85],"between":[64],"strain":[67,90],"derived.":[69],"Second,":[70],"an":[71],"extreme":[72],"learning":[73],"machine":[74],"(ELM)":[75],"improved":[76],"by":[77,108,144],"sparrow":[79],"search":[80],"algorithm":[81],"(SSA)":[82],"(IELM)":[86],"derived,":[88],"are":[93],"used":[94],"as":[95],"input":[97],"output":[99],"model,":[102],"respectively.":[103],"evaluated":[107],"mean":[109,114,118],"absolute":[110,119],"error":[111,116,121],"(MAE),":[112],"root":[113],"square":[115],"(RMSE),":[117],"percentage":[120],"(MAPE),":[122],"<inline-formula":[124,163],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[125,131,164],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[126,132,165],"<tex-math":[127,133,166],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$R$":[128],"</tex-math></inline-formula>-square":[129],"(<inline-formula":[130],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${R^{2}}$":[134,167],"</tex-math></inline-formula>),":[135],"performance":[138],"verified":[143],"simulations":[145],"experiments":[147],"experimental":[150],"MAE":[151],"0.047":[153],"kN,":[154],"RMSE":[155],"0.086,":[157],"MAPE":[158],"below":[160],"0.01,":[161],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[168],"0.995.":[170],"In":[171],"addition,":[172],"article":[174],"compares":[175],"analyzes":[177],"proposed":[179,209],"Moore\u2013Penrose":[182],"(MP)":[183],"method,":[184,197],"Tikhonov":[185],"regularization":[186],"L-curve":[188],"criterion":[189],"(TL),":[191],"back":[192],"propagation":[193],"(BP)":[194],"ELM":[199],"under":[200],"different":[201],"noise":[202],"levels.":[203],"results":[205],"show":[206],"that":[207],"simultaneously":[211],"identifies":[212],"position":[214],"amplitude":[216],"multiple":[218],"loads":[219],"train":[222,238],"crossbeams":[223],"higher":[225],"accuracy":[226],"robustness,":[228],"provides":[230],"reference":[232],"crossbeams.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
