{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386025785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3304689","title":"Focal Contrastive Learning for Palm Vein Authentication","display_name":"Focal Contrastive Learning for Palm Vein Authentication","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386025785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3304689"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3304689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3304689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057007383","display_name":"Yuer Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1760-0737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuer Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Guangzhou National Laboratory, China","School of Automation Science and Enginerring, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangzhou National Laboratory, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Enginerring, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008408424","display_name":"Haizhen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6220-4231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028470337","display_name":"Dacan Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dacan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040238339","display_name":"Zhang Shi-feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0499-8130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111607","display_name":"InferVision (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/027h3dg90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shifeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou, Hikvision, China","Hikvision Research Institute, Hikvision, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou, Hikvision, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hikvision Research Institute, Hikvision, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089840086","display_name":"Wenxiong Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9023-7252"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxiong Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","Young Scholar Project Center, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Young Scholar Project Center, Pazhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100636142","display_name":"Di Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111607","display_name":"InferVision (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/027h3dg90","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou, Hikvision, China","Hikvision Research Institute, Hikvision, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hikvision Research Institute, Hangzhou, Hikvision, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111607"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hikvision Research Institute, Hikvision, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057007383"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3827,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89710531,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"15"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9559999704360962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7155900001525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6760343313217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6322612762451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6197702288627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.523485541343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4952062666416168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4594790041446686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4324570596218109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palm","display_name":"Palm","score":0.430502712726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.390137255191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3880152702331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1548779010772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12856489419937134}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7155900001525879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6760343313217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6322612762451172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6197702288627625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.523485541343689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4952062666416168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4594790041446686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4324570596218109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94598645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2347874","display_name":"Palm","level":2,"score":0.430502712726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.390137255191803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3880152702331543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1548779010772705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12856489419937134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tim.2023.3304689","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2023.3304689","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S10892749","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","issn_l":"0018-9456","issn":["0018-9456","1557-9662"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7630878542","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515010114","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8556967462","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976095","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W19563503","https://openalex.org/W170507967","https://openalex.org/W1551270671","https://openalex.org/W1977815744","https://openalex.org/W2001352640","https://openalex.org/W2017148148","https://openalex.org/W2037829978","https://openalex.org/W2052506731","https://openalex.org/W2093354131","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2119416456","https://openalex.org/W2129313573","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2144025519","https://openalex.org/W2145287260","https://openalex.org/W2205377720","https://openalex.org/W2289866530","https://openalex.org/W2291611678","https://openalex.org/W2402159737","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2523428519","https://openalex.org/W2555897561","https://openalex.org/W2566810209","https://openalex.org/W2606063865","https://openalex.org/W2741961238","https://openalex.org/W2784163702","https://openalex.org/W2794030560","https://openalex.org/W2901078335","https://openalex.org/W2904411527","https://openalex.org/W2946595465","https://openalex.org/W2948212638","https://openalex.org/W2962793481","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2996253732","https://openalex.org/W3005680577","https://openalex.org/W3009561768","https://openalex.org/W3035524453","https://openalex.org/W3036224891","https://openalex.org/W3102202172","https://openalex.org/W3103152812","https://openalex.org/W3104899859","https://openalex.org/W3113328489","https://openalex.org/W3114381249","https://openalex.org/W3169959074","https://openalex.org/W3171007011","https://openalex.org/W3175129878","https://openalex.org/W3176307736","https://openalex.org/W3177155650","https://openalex.org/W3186238294","https://openalex.org/W3203061558","https://openalex.org/W3204849268","https://openalex.org/W4205437765","https://openalex.org/W4213014045","https://openalex.org/W4281965046","https://openalex.org/W4287812705","https://openalex.org/W4292347927","https://openalex.org/W4294149583","https://openalex.org/W4296339954","https://openalex.org/W4302774332","https://openalex.org/W6730323794","https://openalex.org/W6749464311","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W6774670964","https://openalex.org/W6776700526","https://openalex.org/W6779997284","https://openalex.org/W6802483968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4200173597","https://openalex.org/W3116150086","https://openalex.org/W2999805992","https://openalex.org/W4380075502","https://openalex.org/W4291897433","https://openalex.org/W4223943233"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,61,74,139],"advancement":[2],"of":[3,63],"deep":[4],"learning":[5,29,72,101],"technology,":[6],"palm":[8,75,90,105,152,164],"vein":[9,76,91,106,153,165],"authentication":[10,77,107,166],"technology":[11],"based":[12,25,109],"on":[13,26,110,149],"convolutional":[14],"neural":[15],"network":[16],"(CNN)":[17],"has":[18,158],"been":[19],"greatly":[20],"developed.":[21],"Among":[22],"many":[23],"methods":[24],"CNN,":[27],"contrastive":[28,71,100,112],"stands":[30],"out":[31],"for":[32,89],"its":[33],"excellent":[34],"performance":[35,160],"in":[36],"various":[37],"visual":[38],"tasks.":[39],"It":[40],"enables":[41],"machines":[42],"to":[43,60,69,73,102,137,144,162],"better":[44],"understand":[45],"how":[46],"objects":[47],"differ":[48],"from":[49],"each":[50],"other":[51],"within":[52],"a":[53,104,119,128],"given":[54],"category,":[55],"which":[56,126],"is":[57],"well":[58],"suited":[59],"task":[62],"fine-grained":[64],"identification.":[65],"This":[66],"inspires":[67],"us":[68],"apply":[70],"task.":[78],"In":[79],"response,":[80],"we":[81,117],"propose":[82],"Focal":[83,123],"Contrastive":[84,124],"Palm":[85],"Vein":[86],"Network":[87],"(FCPVN)":[88],"authentication.":[92],"First,":[93],"label":[94],"information":[95],"was":[96],"introduced":[97],"into":[98],"self-supervised":[99],"create":[103],"paradigm":[108],"supervised":[111],"learning.":[113],"On":[114],"this":[115],"basis,":[116],"design":[118],"novel":[120],"loss":[121],"named":[122],"Loss,":[125],"employs":[127],"hard":[129,145],"example":[130],"mining":[131],"strategy":[132],"by":[133],"introducing":[134],"two":[135],"factors":[136],"make":[138],"model":[140],"pay":[141],"more":[142],"attention":[143],"examples.":[146],"Extensive":[147],"experiments":[148],"five":[150],"public":[151],"databases":[154],"show":[155],"that":[156],"FCPVN":[157],"competitive":[159],"compared":[161],"existing":[163],"methods.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
